The Palestinian government is the government of the
Palestinian Authority or
State of Palestine. The
(EC) is the highest executive body of the
Palestine Liberation Organization and acts as the government. Since June 2007, there have been two separate administrations in
Palestine, one in the
West Bank
The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
and the other in the
Gaza Strip
The Gaza Strip (;The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza.. ...
. The
government on the West Bank was generally recognised as the Palestinian Authority Government. On the other hand, the
government in the Gaza Strip claimed to be the legitimate government of the Palestinian Authority. Until June 2014, when the
Palestinian Unity Government was formed, the government in the West Bank was the Fatah-dominated
Palestinian government of 2013. In the Gaza Strip the government was the
Hamas government of 2012
The Hamas government of 2012 was the second ''de facto'' Hamas government in the Gaza Strip since the takeover of the Gaza Strip by Hamas in 2007. It was formed on 26 August 2012 and approved by the Gaza-based Hamas members of the Palestinian ...
. Following two
Fatah–Hamas Agreements in 2014, on 25 September 2014 Hamas agreed to let the PA Government resume control over the Gaza Strip and its border crossings with Egypt and Israel, but that agreement had broken down by June 2015, after President Abbas said the PA government was unable to operate in the Gaza Strip.
History
The following organizations have claimed or exercised authority over the
Palestinian people
Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...
in the past:
*
Arab Higher Committee, the central political organ of the Arab community of
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine ( ar, فلسطين الانتدابية '; he, פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א״י) ', where "E.Y." indicates ''’Eretz Yiśrā’ēl'', the Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity established between 1920 and 1948 ...
. It was established on 25 April 1936 and was sidestepped by the
All-Palestine Government
, image =
, caption = Flag of the All-Palestine Government
, date = 22 September 1948
, state = All-Palestine Protectorate
, address = Gaza City, All-Palestine Protectorate (Sep.–Dec. 19 ...
in 1948.
**
First Committee 1936-1937 (Arab Higher Committee)
**
Second Committee 1945-1948 (Arab Higher Committee)
*
All-Palestine Government
, image =
, caption = Flag of the All-Palestine Government
, date = 22 September 1948
, state = All-Palestine Protectorate
, address = Gaza City, All-Palestine Protectorate (Sep.–Dec. 19 ...
, a Palestinian entity set-up by the
Arab League in Egyptian occupied Gaza Strip on 22 September 1948. It was dissolved by Egypt in 1959.
*
Palestine Liberation Organization has been the official representative of the Palestinian people internationally since 1964. On 22 November 1974,
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236, adopted by the 29th Session of the General Assembly on November 22, 1974 recognizes the Palestinian people's right to self-determination, officializes United Nations contact with the Palestine Liber ...
recognized the right of the Palestinian people to
self-determination,
national independence and
sovereignty
Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...
in
Palestine. It also recognized the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, and accorded it
observer
An observer is one who engages in observation or in watching an experiment.
Observer may also refer to:
Computer science and information theory
* In information theory, any system which receives information from an object
* State observer in co ...
status in the United Nations.
**
(EC) is the highest executive body of the PLO.
[''Abbas confirms resignation from PLO Executive Committee'']
. The Middle East Monitor, 24 August 2015[ ]
"The Palestinian National Council also empowered the central council to form a government-in-exile when appropriate, and the executive committee to perform the functions of government until such time as a government-in-exile was established."[''Status of Palestine in the United Nations''](_blank)
UNGA Resolution A/RES/67/19, 29-11-2012
"Taking into consideration that the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, in accordance with a decision by the Palestine National Council, is entrusted with the powers and responsibilities of the Provisional Government of the State of Palestine" Mahmoud Abbas has been Chairman of the EC since the death of
Yasser Arafat
Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini (4 / 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( , ; ar, محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني, Mu ...
in November 2004. The EC represents the Palestinian people, supervises the various PLO bodies, executes the policies and decisions of the PNC, and handles the PLO’s financial issues.
The EC represents the PLO internationally,
[''PLO vs. PA'']
. Passia, September 2014 and acts as the government of the
State of Palestine.
PNA governments
Palestinian National Authority
The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; ar, السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية '), commonly known as the Palestinian Authority and officially the State of Palestine, was formally an interim administrative body established by the PLO pursuant to the
Oslo Accords of 1993. Pursuant to the Oslo Accords, the PA Government had only authority over some civil rights of the Palestinians in the
West Bank Areas A and B and in the Gaza Strip, and over
internal security
Internal security is the act of keeping peace within the borders of a sovereign state or other self-governing territories, generally by upholding the national law and defending against internal security threats. Responsibility for internal secu ...
in Area A and in Gaza. One of the security tasks was the
, which among other things aimed at the prevention of Palestinian attacks on the Israeli army and settlers. Until 2007 it exercised control of populated areas in Area A and B of the
West Bank
The West Bank ( ar, الضفة الغربية, translit=aḍ-Ḍiffah al-Ġarbiyyah; he, הגדה המערבית, translit=HaGadah HaMaʽaravit, also referred to by some Israelis as ) is a landlocked territory near the coast of the Mediter ...
and in the
Gaza Strip
The Gaza Strip (;The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza.. ...
:
*
Palestinian Authority Government of 1996 - formed following the first
general elections held on 20 January 1996. It was headed by Chairman of the PLO
Yasser Arafat
Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini (4 / 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( , ; ar, محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني, Mu ...
, and functioned until 29 April 2003.
*
Palestinian government of October 2002 (PNA)
*
Palestinian government of November 2003
The Palestinian Authority Government of November 2003 was a government of the Palestinian National Authority (PA) sworn in on 12 November 2003 and continued until 24 February 2005. It was headed by Ahmed Qurei, the Prime Minister of the Palestini ...
(PNA)
*
Palestinian government of March 2006
The Palestinian Authority Government of March 2006, also known as the First Haniyeh Government, was a government of the Palestinian National Authority (PA), led by Ismail Haniyeh, that was sworn in on 29 March 2006 and was followed by the Pale ...
(PNA)
*
Palestinian government of March 2007 (PNA, unity of Hamas and Fatah)
Split of Fatah and Hamas
Since June 2007, the
Fatah-led governments have exercised authority in Ramallah, West Bank, and has been recognized as the official government of the Palestinian Authority; while since
Hamas took control in the Gaza Strip, it has exercised ''de facto'' control there, ousting Fatah PNA representatives in June 2007.
*
Fatah government in the West Bank
**
Palestinian governments of June–July 2007 (PNA, Fatah)
**
Palestinian government of 2009 (PNA, Fatah)
**
Palestinian governments of 2013 (PNA, Fatah) - two governments were formed in 2013, in June and September, after the upgrade in the United Nations of Palestine to the status of non-member observer state. Both were led by
Rami Hamdallah
Rami Hamdallah ( ar, رامي الحمد الله, Rāmī al-Ḥamd al-Lāh; born 10 August 1958) is a Palestinian politician and academic. He is the former prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority and president of An-Najah Nationa ...
.
**
Palestinian government of 2015 (PNA, Fatah) - led by Hamdallah.
**
Palestinian government of 2019 (PNA, Fatah) - the 18th Palestinian government since the establishment of the PA in 2004, led by
Mohammad Shtayyeh
Mohammad Ibrahim Shtayyeh ( ar, محمد اشتية) (born 17 January 1958) is a Palestinian politician, academic and economist who became prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority in March 2019. He is a member of Fatah who was elec ...
, member of the
Fatah Central Committee The Fatah Central Committee is the highest decision-making body of the Palestinian organization and political party, Fatah.
History
The first Fatah Central Committee was formed in February 1963, consisting of ten members, including Yasser Arafat, K ...
, the 23-member government includes 16 new ministers.
*
Governance of the Gaza Strip
The governance of the Gaza Strip since the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip in June 2007 has been carried out by Hamas, which is often referred to as the Hamas government in Gaza. The Hamas administration was led by Ismail Haniyeh from 2007 to ...
**
First Hamas government 2007-12 (Hamas Administration in Gaza)
**
Second Hamas government September 2012-14 (Hamas Administration in Gaza)
**
Third Hamas government 2016–present is the Gaza-based
Hamas-dominated ''de facto'' government in Gaza. It is made up of Deputy Ministers, Directors General and other high-level officials, not directly bound to the Ramallah administration. It was initially speculated that the 2016 Hamas government is an attempt by
Ismail Haniyeh
Ismail Abdel Salam Ahmed Haniyeh; sometimes transliterated as Haniya, Haniyah, or Hanieh (born 29 January 1962) is a senior political leader of Hamas and formerly one of two disputed Prime Ministers of the Palestinian National Authority. Hani ...
to return to full control of the Gaza enclave. The United States, Canada, the European Union, Japan and Israel classify Hamas as a terrorist organization and do not recognize the government. Hamas government is not recognized by the Ramallah administration of the State of Palestine.
* Palestinian Unity Government
** The
Palestinian Unity Government was formed on 2 June 2014, following the
Fatah-Hamas Reconciliation Agreement of 23 April 2014. However, the Government was not presented for approval by the
Legislative Council, leading to its legitimacy being questioned. The ministers were nominally independent, but overwhelmingly seen as loyal to President Abbas and his Fatah movement or to smaller leftist factions, none of whom were believed to have close ties to Hamas. A feature of this government is the appointment of Deputy Ministers, Directors General and other high-level officials for Gaza, and not directly bound to the Ramallah administration. The government of 2014 resigned on 17 June 2015, under protest from Hamas which was not consulted.
[''Palestinian unity government resigns'']
Al Jazeera, 17 June 2015[''Hamas Rejects 'One-sided' Dissolution of Palestinian Government'']
Haaretz, 17 June 2015 In July and December 2015, Abbas reshuffled the cabinet and appointed new ministers without consulting Hamas, which was denounced by Hamas. Although Hamas did not recognize the new ministers and rejected the changes, the reshuffling was called "technical and not political",
Xinhua, 1 July 2015 and the new cabinet was presented as a slightly changed existing government, still called "consensus government".
[''New cabinet reshuffle on consensus government'']
Ma’an, 1 July 2015
See also
*
Finance Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
The Finance Minister of the Palestinian Authority is the head of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) branch that is in charge of finance. The minister deals with launching audits, collecting tax from Palestinian businesses and overseeing finan ...
*
Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority
The Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority is in charge of Palestine's foreign relations. In June 2006, Israel attacked the ministry's office in Gaza City twice. The attacks were in response to the capturing of an Israeli so ...
*
Foreign relations of Palestine
*
Foreign relations of the Palestine Liberation Organization
The foreign relations of the State of Palestine have been conducted since the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964. In November 1988, the PLO's Palestinian National Council declared the independence of the St ...
*
International recognition of the State of Palestine
International recognition of the State of Palestine has been the objective of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence formally established the ''de jure'' sovereign state on 15 November 1 ...
*
Israeli Civil Administration
The Civil Administration ( he, המנהל האזרחי, '; ar, الإدارة المدنية الإسرائيلية) is the Israeli governing body that operates in the West Bank. It was established by the government of Israel in 1981, in order ...
*
Palestinian Declaration of Independence
The Palestinian Declaration of Independence formally established the State of Palestine, and was written by Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish and proclaimed by Yasser Arafat on 15 November 1988 (5 Rabiʽ al-Thani 1409) in Algiers, Algeria. It had ...
*
Palestinian Ambassador to the United Nations
The Palestinian Ambassador to the United Nations is the leader of the Palestinian delegation to the United Nations. The position is more formally known as the "Permanent Observer Mission of the State of Palestine to the United Nations;" however, bo ...
References
{{Asia topic, Government of, title=Governments of Asia, TW=Government of the Republic of China
Government of the State of Palestine