' ( ar,
فرض) or ' () or fardh in
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...
is a religious
duty
A duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; fro, deu, did, past participle of ''devoir''; la, debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise. A duty may ...
commanded by
God. The word is also used in
Turkish
Turkish may refer to:
*a Turkic language spoken by the Turks
* of or about Turkey
** Turkish language
*** Turkish alphabet
** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation
*** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey
*** Turkish communities and mi ...
,
Persian,
Pashto,
Urdu (''spelled farz''), and
Malay
Malay may refer to:
Languages
* Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore
** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century
** Indonesi ...
(''spelled fardu or fardhu'') in the same meaning.
Muslims who obey such commands or duties are said to receive ''hasanat'' (), ''ajr'' () or ''thawab'' () each time for each good deed.
''Fard'' or its synonym ''wājib'' () is one of the five types of
ahkam () into which
fiqh categorizes acts of every Muslim. The
Hanafi fiqh, however, does not consider both terms to be synonymous, and makes a distinction between ''wajib'' and ''fard'', the latter being obligatory and the former slightly lesser degree than being obligatory.
Individual duty and sufficiency
The
Fiqh distinguishes two sorts of duties:
* Individual duty or ''farḍ al-'ayn'' () relates is required to perform, such as daily prayer (''
salat
(, plural , romanized: or Old Arabic ͡sˤaˈloːh, ( or Old Arabic ͡sˤaˈloːtʰin construct state) ), also known as ( fa, نماز) and also spelled , are prayers performed by Muslims. Facing the , the direction of the Kaaba wit ...
''), and the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime if the person can afford the journey (''
hajj
The Hajj (; ar, حَجّ '; sometimes also spelled Hadj, Hadji or Haj in English) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried ...
''). An individual not performing this will be punished in the afterlife (but can be excused on basis of incapability), but if he enjoins and fulfils its necessity will be rewarded.
* Sufficiency duty or ''farḍ al-kifāya'' () is a duty which is imposed on the whole community of believers (''
ummah''). The classic example for it is
janaza (Funeral prayer): the individual is not required to perform it as long as a sufficient number of community members fulfill it.
See also
*
Dua
*
Makruh
*
Mustahabb
*
Wallace Fard Muhammad
Ahkam
*
Ahkam, commandments, of which fardh are a type
*
Mustahabb, recommended but not required
Other religions
*
Mitzvah
In its primary meaning, the Hebrew word (; he, מִצְוָה, ''mīṣvā'' , plural ''mīṣvōt'' ; "commandment") refers to a commandment commanded by God to be performed as a religious duty. Jewish law () in large part consists of discus ...
(somewhat similar Jewish concept)
*
Dharma
Dharma (; sa, धर्म, dharma, ; pi, dhamma, italic=yes) is a key concept with multiple meanings in Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and others. Although there is no direct single-word translation for '' ...
(somewhat similar Hindu/Buddhist/Sikh concept)
References
Arabic words and phrases in Sharia
Islamic terminology
Sharia legal terminology
Deontological ethics
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