Farrukh Pasha ibn Abdullah (also known as Farrukh Bey) (died 1620–21) was the
Ottoman governor of
Nablus
Nablus ( ; ar, نابلس, Nābulus ; he, שכם, Šəḵem, ISO 259-3: ; Samaritan Hebrew: , romanized: ; el, Νεάπολις, Νeápolis) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank, located approximately north of Jerusalem, with a populati ...
and
Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
in the early 17th century, and founder of the Farrukh dynasty, which held the governorship of Nablus and other posts for much of the 17th century.
[Ze'evi, 1996, p]
40
/ref>
Biography
Farrukh Pasha was born in Circassia
Circassia (; also known as Cherkessia in some sources; ady, Адыгэ Хэку, Адыгей, lit=, translit=Adıgə Xəku, Adıgey; ; ota, چرکسستان, Çerkezistan; ) was a country and a historical region in the along the northeast ...
, where he was either captured or purchased as a slave.[Ze'evi, 1996, p]
52
/ref> He became a ''mamluk
Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning " slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') ...
'' (slave soldier) of Bahram Pasha, a brother of Ridwan Pasha
Riḍwān ibn Muṣṭafā ibn ʿAbd al-Muʿīn Pasha ( Turkish transliteration: ''Ridvan Pasha''; died 2 April 1585) was a 16th-century Ottoman statesman. He served terms as governor of Gaza in the early 1560s and in 1570–1573, Yemen in 1564/ ...
and ''sanjak-bey
''Sanjak-bey'', ''sanjaq-bey'' or ''-beg'' ( ota, سنجاق بك) () was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a bey (a high-ranking officer, but usually not a pasha) appointed to the military and administrative command of a district (''sanjak' ...
'' (district governor) of Nablus in the late 16th century. Under Bahram's patronage, Farrukh was well-educated and trained for a government career. In 1596, Bahram's influence helped Farrukh gain the appointment of Jerusalem Sanjak's ''subashi'' (officer in charge of public order). In 1603, following Bahram's death, Farrukh was appointed ''sanjak-bey'' of Jerusalem and later, in 1609, he was appointed ''sanjak-bey'' of Nablus. Farrukh established Nablus
Nablus ( ; ar, نابلس, Nābulus ; he, שכם, Šəḵem, ISO 259-3: ; Samaritan Hebrew: , romanized: ; el, Νεάπολις, Νeápolis) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank, located approximately north of Jerusalem, with a populati ...
as the headquarters of his family. Between 1609 and his death in 1620–21, he served as the governor of Jerusalem or Nablus or both.[Ze'evi, 1996, p]
43
/ref> The Damascene historian and Farrukh's contemporary, Muhammad Amin al-Muhibbi Muhammad al-Amin ibn Fadlallah ibn Muhiballah ibn Muhibb al-Din al-Dimashqi, commonly known as al-Muhibbi was an Ottoman historian based in Damascus. He is best known for voluminous dictionary of biographies of 17th-century Muslim notables.
Biogra ...
, described Farrukh Pasha as a "distinguished hero, of fearless heart" and as courageous and generous.
He also held the prestigious office of '' amir al-hajj'' (commander of the Hajj
The Hajj (; ar, حَجّ '; sometimes also spelled Hadj, Hadji or Haj in English) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried ...
caravan). He built a large caravanserai
A caravanserai (or caravansary; ) was a roadside inn where travelers ( caravaners) could rest and recover from the day's journey. Caravanserais supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering ...
called the Wikala al-Farrukhiyya or Khan al-Farrukhiya for the Hajj pilgrims who assembled in Nablus.[Doumani, 1995, p]
24
/ref> According to a description of the building by Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi
Derviş Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi ( ota, اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording ...
, Farrukh's caravanserai was "huge" and "similar to a castle and it has 150 rooms". It became one of Nablus's main commercial properties at least until the mid-19th century. Farrukh Pasha died while commanding the Hajj caravan en route to Mecca
Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red ...
.
Legacy
The Farrukh dynasty ( tr, Hanedan Ferruh) that Farrukh Pasha established and headquartered in Nablus became one of the prominent pasha
Pasha, Pacha or Paşa ( ota, پاشا; tr, paşa; sq, Pashë; ar, باشا), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, gener ...
families of Palestine
__NOTOC__
Palestine may refer to:
* State of Palestine, a state in Western Asia
* Palestine (region), a geographic region in Western Asia
* Palestinian territories, territories occupied by Israel since 1967, namely the West Bank (including East ...
during the Ottoman era in the 17th century. Farrukh Pasha' son Muhammad ibn Farrukh succeeded him as ''sanjak-bey'' of Jerusalem and Nablus and as ''amir al-hajj'' until his death in 1638. Their rule in the Jerusalem and Nablus ''sanjak
Sanjaks (liwāʾ) (plural form: alwiyāʾ)
* Armenian language, Armenian: նահանգ (''nahang''; meaning "province")
* Bulgarian language, Bulgarian: окръг (''okrǔg''; meaning "county", "province", or "region")
* el, Διοίκησι ...
s'' (provincial districts) and as commanders of the Hajj caravan ended in 1670 with the death of Muhammad's son Assaf Pasha and the subsequent assignment of ''sanjak-bey'' of Nablus and ''amir al-hajj'' to Musa Pash al-Nimr. Members of the family still constituted a part of the elite classes of Jerusalem
Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...
, Nablus and Damascus
)), is an adjective which means "spacious".
, motto =
, image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg
, image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg
, seal_type = Seal
, map_caption =
, ...
through the 18th century, but none served as ''sanjak-beys'' after Assaf's death.[Ze'evi, 1996, p]
44
/ref>
References
Bibliography
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{{refend
1620 deaths
16th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
17th-century people from the Ottoman Empire
17th century in Jerusalem
Ottoman Palestine
People from the Ottoman Empire of Circassian descent
Political people from the Ottoman Empire
People from Nablus
Mamluks