CasaPound building in Rome A far-right social centre is a space inspired by

neo-fascist Neo-fascism is a post-World War II far-right ideology that includes significant elements of fascism. Neo-fascism usually includes ultranationalism, racial supremacy, populism, authoritarianism, nativism, xenophobia, and anti-immigration sent ...

and Third Position ideas, typically in the 21st century.

Italy

In Italy, a social centre called Il Bartolo was squatted in Rome, and was burnt down after one year. In 1998, Italian neo-fascists squatted in another building in Rome at Castrense 48 and called it PortAperta. In 2002 neo-fascists squatted in a building and created social centre called CasaMontag. In 2003 Italian neo-fascists squatted in a building in Rome and created the Foro 753 non-conforming centre. In 2017 members of the far-right Forza Nuova squatted commercial premises in Rome and created a food kitchen only for Italian nationals, in breach of the Constitution of Italy.

CasaPound

In 2003, Italian neo-fascists squatted in a building on Via Napoleone III on the Esquiline Hill and founded the

CasaPound CasaPound Italia (abbr. CPI; "House of Ezra Pound") is an Italian neo-fascist movement and formerly a political party born as a network of far-right social centres arising from the occupation of a state-owned building by squatters in the neighbo ...

(the ''

Ezra Pound Ezra Weston Loomis Pound (30 October 1885 – 1 November 1972) was an expatriate American poet and critic, a major figure in the early modernist poetry movement, and a Fascism, fascist collaborator in Italy during World War II. His works ...

's home'') social centre. In June 2008 CasaPound constituted an "association of social promotion" and assumed the name ''CasaPound Italia''. Other CasaPound squats are in Latina (Lazio region) (legalised) and Area 19 at via dei Monti della Farnesina 80 in Rome (evicted 2015).

France

Social Bastion Social Bastion ( French: ''Bastion Social'') was a French neo-fascist political movement founded in 2017 by former members of the far-right student association Groupe Union Défense (GUD) and dissolved by official decree in 2019 after several racia ...

was a French neo-fascist political movement that used

squatting Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. The United Nations estimated in 2003 that there ...

as a tactic before being banned as a far-right organization in 2019 by the French Government. Members of the student association GUD, squatted a building at 18 rue Port-du-Temps in Lyon, in May 2017. They planned it to help only poor French nationals. The mayor of Lyon Gérard Collomb immediately condemned the occupation and pledged to evict it. It was evicted by 100 police officers after two weeks. In 2018 local

identitarians The Identitarian movement or Identitarianism is a pan-European nationalist, far-right political ideology asserting the right of European ethnic groups and white peoples to Western culture and territories claimed to belong exclusively to them. ...

squatted house in Angers and created social centre ''L’Alvarium''. In 2020 court ordered to evict it.

Germany

In 1990 in the territories of former

GDR East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...

there were located some far-right social centres. One of them was ''Weilingstraße 122''. The centre played the role as a political HQ, a living community and party space for young nationalists. In the 21st century german nationalists, inspired by CasaPound trying again to create their own social centres. In 2019 political party The Third Path owned the building in

Plauen Plauen (; Czech language, Czech: ''Plavno'') is, with around 65,000 inhabitants, the fifth-largest city of Saxony, Germany after Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau, the second-largest city of the Vogtland after Gera, as well as the larges ...

and created legal social centre ''P130''.

Spain

In Spain, Hogar Social Madrid, also known as Hogar Social Ramiro Ledesma (the ''

Ramiro Ledesma Ramiro Ledesma Ramos (23 May 1905 – 29 October 1936) was a Spanish philosopher, politician, writer, essayist, and journalist, known as one of the pioneers in the introduction of Fascism in Spain. Early life Born in Alfaraz de Sayago ( provinc ...

Social Home'') was squatted in the Tetuán district in Madrid in August 2014. It was quickly evicted the next month and the group then occupied a building in

Chamberí Chamberí is a district of Madrid, Spain. It is further subdivided into six neighborhoods ( Gaztambide, Arapiles, Trafalgar, Almagro, Ríos Rosas and Vallehermoso). The district junta is headquartered at the . The current urban outline was born ...

. Some members of the group then split off and attacked the second building, which was also evicted.

Ukraine

In 2014, during the Revolution of Dignity Ukrainian nationalists occupied a building in Kyiv city centre and used it as the headquarters of the Azov Battalion and later ''Cossack House'' ( uk, Козацький Дім).

References

Bibliography

* Domenico Di Tullio, ''Centri sociali di destra. Occupazioni e culture non conformi'', Roma, Castelvecchi, 2006. . * Daniele Di Nunzio ed Emanuele Toscano, ''Dentro e fuori Casapound. Capire il fascismo del Terzo Millennio'', Roma, Armando Editore, 2011. * Nicola Rao, ''La Fiamma e la Celtica. Sessant'anni di neofascismo da Salò ai centri sociali di destra'', Roma, Sperling & Kupfer, 2006. * Warnecke, Jakob, ''Failed takeover: The phenomenon of right-wing squatting''. In Grashoff, Udo (eds.
''Comparative Approaches to Informal Housing Around the Globe''
London, UCL.Press, 2020. pp. 223-237.