Genealogies of Kedah Rulers can be found in two traditional Malay texts, the first one being ''

Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa ( Jawi: حكاية مروڠ مهاوڠسا ), alternatively spelt Hikayat Marong Mahawangsa and also known as the Kedah Annals, is a Malay literary work that gives a romantic account of the history and tales relating ...

'', a chronicle written in the late 16th century, and the other is ''Al-Tarikh Salasilah Kedah'' ('genealogies of Kedah'), a royal-sanctioned history published in 1928. The records however do not provide consistent genealogies for the early Rulers of Kedah. According to the ''Hikayat'', Kedah's first Ruler was

Merong Mahawangsa Merong Mahawangsa is a legendary warrior and a ruler who is said to be the first king of Langkasuka, or modern day Kedah. His tale is mentioned in the Kedah Annals, where it mentions him as a hero who became the first king of Langkasuka. The leg ...

. In the ''Salasilah'', it is stated that the first Kedah Ruler was Derbar Raja I who originated from Persia in the 9th century CE. Nevertheless, the ''Hikayat'' and ''Salasilah'' do share some similarities, the most important is that both texts state that the first converted Ruler to

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

took the name Sultan Muzaffar Shah, although the original name of the Ruler is different. ''Hikayat'' mentions that Raja Phra Ong Mahawangsa was the first to convert to Islam, while in the ''Salasilah'', it is stated it was Derbar Raja II. The following family tree is based on the royal-sanctioned ''Salasilah''. The beginning of Sultan Mudzaffar Shah I's reign is typically dated to 1136 in Kedah tradition.

References

Bibliography

* * . {{Family trees

Kedah Kedah (), also known by its honorific Darul Aman (Islam), Aman and historically as Queda, is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. The state covers a total area ...