''Fadogia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...

. The genera ''

Rytigynia ''Rytigynia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and '' Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribut ...

'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

but neither of these genera is

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

Distribution

''Fadogia'' is found in

Tropical Africa Although tropical Africa is mostly familiar to the West for its rainforests, this biogeographic realm of Africa is far more diverse. While the tropics are thought of as regions with hot moist climates, which are caused by latitude and the tropi ...

. '' F. cienkowskii'' and '' F. tetraquetra'' have the largest distribution and occur from

Guinea Guinea ( ),, fuf, 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫, italic=no, Gine, wo, Gine, nqo, ߖߌ߬ߣߍ߫, bm, Gine officially the Republic of Guinea (french: République de Guinée), is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the we ...

to the

Transvaal province The Province of the Transvaal ( af, Provinsie van Transvaal), commonly referred to as the Transvaal (; ), was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994, when a new constitution subdivided it following the end of apartheid. The name "Trans ...

. '' F. ancylantha'' and '' F. erythrophloea'' are also found in many African countries, but they don't occur so far south. The countries with the highest number of species are

Angola , national_anthem = " Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...

Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in ...

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most cent ...

Tanzania Tanzania (; ), officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( sw, Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It borders Uganda to the north; Kenya to the northeast; Comoro Islands and ...

, and

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR; ; , RCA; , or , ) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the southeast, the DR Congo to the south, the Republic of th ...

Bacterial leaf symbiosis

Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf

mesophyll tissue A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, ste ...

. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as ''

Burkholderia ''Burkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota whose pathogenic members include the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex, which attacks humans and ''Burkholderia mallei'', responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related a ...

'', which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species. The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory.

Gousiekte

Fadogia homblei ''Fadogia homblei'' is a 60 cm-tall erect perennial sub-Saharan shrublet with subterranean stems producing unbranched annual shoots, and is one of some 47 species of ''Fadogia'' in the family Rubiaceae. It occurs in Angola, Tanzania, Malaw ...

'' is known to cause gousiekte, a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants characterised by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain rubiaceous plants.

Species

* ''

Fadogia ancylantha ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

Schweinf. Georg August Schweinfurth (29 December 1836 – 19 September 1925) was a Baltic German botanist and ethnologist who explored East Central Africa. Life and explorations He was born at Riga, Latvia, then part of the Russian Empire. He was ...

* ''

Fadogia andersonii ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' Robyns * ''

Fadogia arenicola ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' K.Schum. & K.Krause * ''

Fadogia audruana ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' M.Fay, J.-P.Lebrun & Stork * ''

Fadogia butayei ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' De Wild. * ''

Fadogia caespitosa ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' Robyns * ''

Fadogia chlorantha ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' K.Schum. * ''

Fadogia chrysantha ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' K.Schum. * ''

Fadogia cienkowskii ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' Schweinf. * ''

Fadogia cinerascens ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' Robyns * '' Fadogia elskensii'' De Wild. * ''

Fadogia erythrophloea ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' (K.Schum. & K.Krause) Hutch. & Dalziel * '' Fadogia fragrans'' Robyns * '' Fadogia fuchsioides''

ex Oliv. * '' Fadogia glaberrima'' Welw. ex Hiern * '' Fadogia gossweileri'' Robyns * ''

Fadogia graminea ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel' ...

'' Wernham * ''

'' Robyns * '' Fadogia lactiflora'' Welw. ex Hiern * ''

Fadogia latifolia ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution '' ...

'' A.Chev. ex Robyns * '' Fadogia leucophloea''

ex Hiern * ''

Fadogia luangwae ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution '' ...

'' Verdc. * ''

Fadogia oblongolanceolata ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' Robyns * '' Fadogia obscura'' A.Chev. ex Robyns * '' Fadogia olivacea'' Robyns * '' Fadogia parvifolia'' Verdc. * ''

Fadogia pobeguinii ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' Pobég. * '' Fadogia punctulata'' Robyns * '' Fadogia rostrata'' Robyns * ''

Fadogia salictaria ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution '' ...

'' S.Moore * ''

Fadogia schmitzii ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' Verdc. * '' Fadogia spectabilis'' Milne-Redh. * '' Fadogia stenophylla'' Welw. ex Hiern * ''

Fadogia tetraquetra ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' K.Schum. & K.Krause * ''

Fadogia tomentosa ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. '' ...

'' De Wild. * '' Fadogia triphylla'' Baker * '' Fadogia variifolia'' Robyns * ''

Fadogia verdcourtii ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution ''Fadogia'' is found in Tropical Africa. ' ...

'' Tennant * '' Fadogia verdickii'' De Wild. & T.Durand * ''

Fadogia vollesenii ''Fadogia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. The genera ''Rytigynia'' and ''Fadogia'' form a Resampling (statistics), strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic. Distribution '' ...

'' Verdc.

References

External links

World Checklist of Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae genera {{Ixoroideae-stub