Map of Fars and it's surrounding regions

Amir Abu'l-Abbas Fadl, better known as Fadluya (also spelled Fadlawayh), was a

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

chieftain of the

Shabankara Shabankara ( fa, شبانکاره, meaning 'shepherd') was an Iran, Iranian tribe. They claimed descent from the mythical Iranian king Manuchehr who had been deported to eastern Fars Province, Fars from Isfahan Province, Isfahan by the Buyid Shahans ...

in Fars. He was the son of Ali ibn Hasan ibn Ayyub of the Ramani clan of the Shabankara, and was the founder of the Shabankara dynasty in Fars (r. 1030-1078), which lasted sporadically from 1030 to 1355. The Shabankaras occupied the mountain region of Kuhgiluya and maintained a great scale of independence. Earlier in his life, Fadluya's father Ali sent him to Saheb-e Adel, who was then the

vizier A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was a ...

to the

Buyid The Buyid dynasty ( fa, آل بویه, Āl-e Būya), also spelled Buwayhid ( ar, البويهية, Al-Buwayhiyyah), was a Shia Iranian dynasty of Daylamite origin, which mainly ruled over Iraq and central and southern Iran from 934 to 1062. Coupl ...

ruler

Abu Kalijar Abu Kalijar Marzuban ( fa, ابوکالیجار مرزبان}; died October 1048) was the Buyid amir of Fars (1024–1048), Kerman (1028–1048) and Iraq (1044–1048). He was the eldest son of Sultan al-Dawla. Struggle for supremacy over the Bu ...

. Ali requested that his son be given a court position. Fadluya rose in rank under Saheb-e Adel and eventually reached the rank of

sepahsalar ''Ispahsālār'' ( fa, اسپهسالار) or ''sipahsālār'' (; "army commander"), in Arabic rendered as ''isfahsalār'' () or ''iṣbahsalār'' (), was a title used in much of the Islamic world during the 10th–15th centuries, to denote the sen ...

. However, Abu Kalijar "decided to take over the Shabankara territories for himself, which alienated Fadluya". When the

Seljuk Seljuk or Saljuq (سلجوق) may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * Seljuk (warlord) (di ...

prince

Qavurt Kara Arslan Ahmad Qavurt (died 1073), better simply known as Qavurt (also spelled Kavurt) was a Seljuq prince. Upon his brother's death, he led an unsuccessful rebellion against his nephew in an attempt to gain the Seljuk throne. Background T ...

invaded Fars in 1053, Fadluya turned to Qavurt's brother

Alp Arslan Alp Arslan was the second Sultan of the Seljuk Empire and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty. He greatly expanded the Seljuk territory and consolidated his power, defeating rivals to the south and northwest, and his v ...

. He offered an annual tribute of 27 million

dirham The dirham, dirhem or dirhm ( ar, درهم) is a silver unit of currency historically and currently used by several Arab and Arab influenced states. The term has also been used as a related unit of mass. Unit of mass The dirham was a un ...

s in return for the Seljuks letting him remain ruler of Fars. Alp Arslan accepted, and by 1055 Fadluya had consolidated his rule in Fars. His main capital was at Goshnabad, or Joshnabad, a town somewhere northeast of

Fasa Fasa ( fa, فسا, Fasā, also Romanized as Fassa) is a city and capital of Fasa County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 110,825, in 33,379 families. Fasa is the fourth most populous city of the province. The city date ...

. He also sometimes resided at

Darabgerd Darab ( fa, داراب, translit=Dārāb) — formerly Darabkert, or Darábgerd ("city of Darius")— is a city and capital of Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54,513, in 13,279 families. Historical ...

and

Shiraz Shiraz (; fa, شیراز, Širâz ) is the List of largest cities of Iran, fifth-most-populous city of Iran and the capital of Fars province, Fars Province, which has been historically known as Pars (Sasanian province), Pars () and Persis. As o ...

. Later, in the reign of sultan Alp Arslan, Fadluya rebelled against him. He stopped sending the annual tribute, proclaimed himself an independent ruler, and took up a defensive position at the fortress of Khvorsha near

Jahrom Jahrom ( fa, جهرم, also known as Jahrūm) is a city and capital of Jahrom County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 141,634. Jahrom is the largest city in south of Fars Province and the second one in whole province. ...

. However, this rebellion was unsuccessful – Alp Arslan's vizier

Nizam al-Mulk Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk ( fa, , , Order of the Realm) was a Persian scholar, jurist, political philosopher and Vizier of the Seljuk Empire. Rising fro ...

came and ended up capturing the fortress after 16 days. Fadluya surrendered and offered to pay reparations. He was forgiven and allowed to resume his position as ruler of Fars. Fadluya rebelled again in 1072, and once again Nizam al-Mulk was sent to subjugate him. Nizam al-Mulk's attempt to resolve things peacefully failed; again Fadluya ended up ensconcing himself in a fortress. Nizam al-Mulk began a siege, which only lasted for a relatively short time before the defenders surrendered due to lack of water. Fadluya attempted to flee but was captured and brought before Alp Arslan. Alp Arslan again forgave Fadluya, but this time he had him imprisoned at the fortress of

Estakhr Istakhr (Middle Persian romanized: ''Stakhr'', fa, اصطخر, translit=Istakhr also spelt استخر in modern literature) was an ancient city in Fars province, north of Persepolis in southwestern Iran. It flourished as the capital of the Pers ...

. According to

Ibn al-Balkhi ''Fārsnāma'' ( fa, فارسنامه, "The Book of Fars") is a local history and geography of Fars Province, Persia written during the Saljuq period The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; fa, سلجوقیان ''Saljuqian'', alternatively sp ...

, Fadluya remained a prisoner at Estakhr for the rest of his life. In 1078, he attempted to take over the fortress but failed, and he was captured and killed. His skin was stuffed with straw and hung up on public display.

References

Further reading