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Fabric inspection, also known as fabric checking, is a systematic fabric evaluation in which defects are identified. Fabric inspection helps understand quality in terms of color, density, weight, printing, measurement, and other quality criteria prior to garment production. Fabric
inspection An inspection is, most generally, an organized examination or formal evaluation exercise. In engineering activities inspection involves the measurements, tests, and gauges applied to certain characteristics in regard to an object or activity. ...
takes place at various stages of manufacturing, including intermediate and final. "Perching" was another term for fabric inspection.


Procedure

Quality control in textiles is to inspect whether a manufactured material meets the specifications set by the buyers. It is a broader aspect that includes the quality of the final product and the encompassing materials, for example, yarn and fabric. Fabric quality addresses fabric-related issues. Fabric inspection is a step of visual examination apart from the performance criteria; It finds various flaws and irregularities. Accordingly, it grades the fabrics as per quality level, fabric weight, shading color, number, and size of the defects. In addition to ensuring the quality of the garment, fabric inspection also helps manufacturing companies reduce their reject pile, essentially improving both efficiency and delivery times. Various methods are selected in fabric inspection, including inspection on a flat table or a fabric inspection machine. In-house or third-party inspectors can do the job.


Visual Inspection and grading

Most mills use their customized inspection standards, but commonly used is the point system. It is a widely accepted system of fabric inspection as it is based on penalty points. For example standard test methods for visually inspecting and grading fabrics (ASTM D5430) and four point system. Today, the 4-point system is the most commonly used fabric inspection system which as implied by the name, works with a 1 to 4 deduction system in which the highest defect rating is 4 points.


Computerized Inspection

The fabric inspection machine is equipped with lights and a table enabled with guide rollers that help the inspector or a fabric checker observe every yard. Manual and computerized inspection are both used.


Artificial Intelligence based fabric inspection

Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence—perceiving, synthesizing, and inferring information—demonstrated by machines, as opposed to intelligence displayed by animals and humans. Example tasks in which this is done include speech re ...
based fabric inspection systems are being developed.


Repair and remedies


Mending

The fabric during the inspection undergoes rigorous examination systems, various defects can be located. Some of the manufacturing defects of the fabric are repairable through mending, a method of repairing with needlework.


Burling or specking

Burling is a repairing finish. It helps in improving the fabric's final appearance. During the inspection process, woven fabrics may require burling, which includes the removal of certain manufacturing defects such as burrs, knots, loose and protruding threads. Burling tools are used to push these defects to the fabric's back side.


Spotting

Spotting is a method of removing stains that can be used in the garment stage or on fabric as well.


See also

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Textile manufacturing Textile Manufacturing or Textile Engineering is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric. These are then dyed or printed, fabricated into cloth which is then converted into useful goods ...
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Finishing (textiles) In textile manufacturing, finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material and more specifically to any process performed after dyeing the yarn or fabric to improve the look, performance, or "hand" ...
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Barré (fabric) Barré is an unintentional repetitive horizontal pattern in fabrics that is generally undesirable and considered as a defect. It appears as a lateral stripe pattern. Barré occurs for many reasons associated with the manufacturing of textile ens ...
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Dead cotton Dead cotton () is a term that refers to unripe cotton fibers that do not absorb dye. Dead cotton is immature cotton or underdeveloped cotton that has poor dye affinity and appears as white specks on a dyed fabric. Daniel Koechlin (1785–1871), ...
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Pick glass A pick glass also known as a piece glass is a magnifying glass helpful in counting thread count. It is used to determine the number of yarns in warp and weft in woven fabrics and courses and wales in knitted fabrics. Compact constructions of fa ...


References

Textiles {{Textile-stub