Nawab Sadruddin Mohammad Khan Bahadur Faaiz (1609-1738), also known by his
pen name
A pen name, also called a ''nom de plume'' or a literary double, is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name.
A pen na ...
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
Poet
A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems (oral or writte ...
. He is also regarded as the promoter of Indian culture and Traditions, along with being considered as the first Urdu poet of
Northern India
North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central ...
who composed poetry in Urdu and left a complete Diwan. His forefathers had come to
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
from
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
and settled in
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
. His father Zabardast Khan was a noble man of distinction and had secured high positions and robes of honor from the
Mughal emperors
The Mughal emperors ( fa, , Pādishāhān) were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled t ...
during the reign of
Aurangzeb
Muhi al-Din Muhammad (; – 3 March 1707), commonly known as ( fa, , lit=Ornament of the Throne) and by his regnal title Alamgir ( fa, , translit=ʿĀlamgīr, lit=Conqueror of the World), was the sixth emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling ...
and
Jahandar Shah
Mirza Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan (10 May 1661 – 11 February 1713), more commonly known as Jahandar Shah (), was the ninth Mughal Emperor who ruled for a brief period in 1712–1713. He was the son of Bahadur Shah (Shah Alam), and the ...
, and was appointed as a Judge in Jaunpur in 1696 and an administration of
Avadh
Awadh (), known in British historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a region in the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It is synonymous with the Kośāla region of ...
in 1697.
Biography
Faaiz was born in 1690 in
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, primarily its western or right bank, Delhi shares borders w ...
. Faaiz got a good education and training under his father's supervision. Faaiz was brought up in a very disciplined and highly cultured atmosphere. He was gifted with a very fine literary taste. Under Guidance of highly qualified teachers and well established scholars he developed a very refined taste for poetry and started writing poetry at an early age. Although Faaiz lived a happy and contented life, during his later years he had to face some financial problems. He became mentally upset and developed hysteric symptoms and consequently he imprisoned himself in seclusion and stopped meeting people. Faaiz died in 1738 in Delhi and was buried there.
His work
Faaiz was very knowledgeable of other sciences like logic, medicine, geometry, physiognomy etc. Faaiz was very fond of reading Persian classics and books of other prevailing subjects. He composed about nineteen thousands verses in Persian and five hundred verses in Urdu. His Diwan consists of
Ghazal
The ''ghazal'' ( ar, غَزَل, bn, গজল, Hindi-Urdu: /, fa, غزل, az, qəzəl, tr, gazel, tm, gazal, uz, gʻazal, gu, ગઝલ) is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry. A ghazal may be understood as a ...
s, Masnavis and other poems. Faaiz wrote in local language commonly used in North India at that time. He used lots of words of dialects in his poetry and also adopted and used Persian compound words, similes, metaphors, etc. to improve the elegance of his poetry. His verses were marked by simplicity and lucidity. His work portrays divine love as well as the beauty and charm of the fair sex. His Ghazals mostly deals with the subject of love, in a very lucid and eloquent manner.