FS-1016 (also called FED-STD-1016) is a deprecated secure telephony

speech encoding Speech coding is an application of data compression of digital audio signals containing speech. Speech coding uses speech-specific parameter estimation using audio signal processing techniques to model the speech signal, combined with generic da ...

standard for Code-excited linear prediction (CELP) developed by the

United States Department of Defense The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government directly related to national secu ...

and finalized February 14, 1991. Unlike the vocoder used in

FS-1015 FIPS 137, originally issued as FED-STD-1015, is a secure telephony speech encoding standard for Linear Predictive Coding vocoder developed by the United States Department of Defense and finished on November 28, 1984. It was based on the earlier STA ...

CELP Code-excited linear prediction (CELP) is a linear predictive speech coding algorithm originally proposed by Manfred R. Schroeder and Bishnu S. Atal in 1985. At the time, it provided significantly better quality than existing low bit-rate algori ...

provides more natural speech. However, due to quite low bit rate and early development (1991), the speech quality is very noisy and below that of commercial cellular speech codec such as AMR. FS-1016 is no longer used since its follow-up

MELP Mixed-excitation linear prediction (MELP) is a United States Department of Defense speech coding standard used mainly in military applications and satellite communications, secure voice, and secure radio devices. Its standardization and later devel ...

provides better performance in all applications.

Technical details

The bit rate of the codec is 4.8 kbit/s. The complexity of the codec is 19 MIPS. The

RAM Ram, ram, or RAM may refer to: Animals * A male sheep * Ram cichlid, a freshwater tropical fish People * Ram (given name) * Ram (surname) * Ram (director) (Ramsubramaniam), an Indian Tamil film director * RAM (musician) (born 1974), Dutch * Ra ...

requirement is 1.5 kilobytes. Frame size of the codec is 30 ms. Look-ahead of 7.5 ms is also required. The variation of

used in the FS-1016 is so-called ternary codebook, meaning that all excitation amplitudes are either +1, −1 or 0. The sub frame gain is calculated and sent to the receiver.

References

External links

"CELP-3.2a and LPC-10"
Speech at Carnegie Mellon University Speech codecs {{telecom-stub