Francis Graham Crookshank (1873,

Wimbledon Wimbledon most often refers to: * Wimbledon, London, a district of southwest London * Wimbledon Championships, the oldest tennis tournament in the world and one of the four Grand Slam championships Wimbledon may also refer to: Places London * ...

– 27 October 1933, Wimpole Street, London) was a British epidemiologist, and a medical and psychological writer, and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Crookshank was educated at

University College London , mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward , established = , type = Public research university , endowment = £143 million (2020) , budget = ...

, and trained in medicine at

University College Hospital University College Hospital (UCH) is a teaching hospital in the Fitzrovia area of the London Borough of Camden, England. The hospital, which was founded as the North London Hospital in 1834, is closely associated with University College London ...

. His work attempted to combine medicine with the

individual psychology Individual psychology (german: Individualpsychologie) is a psychological method or science founded by the Austrian people, Viennese psychiatrist Alfred Adler. The English language, English edition of Adler's work on the subject (1925) is a collecti ...

Alfred Adler Alfred Adler ( , ; 7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. His emphasis on the importance of feelings of belonging, family constellation and birth order ...

, along with eugenics and Nietzsche's philosophy of the will. His 123-page

scientific racist Scientific racism, sometimes termed biological racism, is the pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism (racial discrimination), racial inferiority, or racial superiority.. "Few tragedies can be more e ...

publication ''

The Mongol in our Midst ''The Mongol in Our Midst: A Study of Man and His Three Faces'' is the title of the pseudo-scientific book written by British physician Francis Graham Crookshank and published in 1924. The book, characteristic of the consequently discredited ide ...

'' (1924) was both popular and controversial in both England and the United States. In 1931, Crookshank published a "greatly enlarged and entirely rewritten" 524-page edition "with numerous illustrations," with responses to critics and additional theories and claims. That work associated the disorder now known as

Down syndrome Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual dis ...

with the admixture of Asian with European "blood".Howells, John G. and Osborn, M. Livia (1984) ''A reference companion to the history of abnormal psychology'', vol. 1, Greenwood Press, , p. 217. Crookshank committed suicide in 1933,Thomson, Mathew (2006) ''Psychological subjects: identity, culture, and health in twentieth-century Britain'', Oxford University Press, , p. 86. dying at his house in

Wimpole Street Wimpole Street is a street in Marylebone, central London. Located in the City of Westminster, it is associated with private medical practice and medical associations. No. 1 Wimpole Street is an example of Edwardian baroque architecture, compl ...

Westminster Westminster is an area of Central London, part of the wider City of Westminster. The area, which extends from the River Thames to Oxford Street, has many visitor attractions and historic landmarks, including the Palace of Westminster, Bu ...

Works

* ''Flatulence and shock'', London: Lewis, 1912. * Chapter on medico-legal aspects. etc., in L. W. Harrison, ''The diagnosis and treatment of venereal diseases in general practice'', London: H. Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton, 1921 * ‘The importance of a theory of signs and a critique of language in the study of medicine’, in

C. K. Ogden Charles Kay Ogden (; 1 June 1889 – 20 March 1957) was an English linguist, philosopher, and writer. Described as a polymath but also an Eccentricity (behavior), eccentric and Emic and etic, outsider, he took part in many ventures related to li ...

and I. A. Richards, ''The Meaning of Meaning'', London, 1923.

The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy and Scientific Method was an influential series of monographs published from 1922 to 1965 under the general editorship of Charles Kay Ogden by Kegan Paul, Trench Trubner & Co. in London. This ser ...

. * ''The Mongol in our Midst: A Study of Man and his Three Faces'', (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner 1924 and 1931). * ''Migraine and other common neuroses; a psychological study'', London: Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1926. * Introduction to

Paul Masson-Oursel Paul Masson-Oursel (5 September 1882 – 18 March 1956) was a French orientalist and philosopher, a pioneer of 'comparative philosophy'. Masson-Oursel was a student of Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, Henri Bergson, Emile Durkheim, Pierre Janet, André L ...

, ''Comparative philosophy'', London: Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1926.

. * ‘The relation of history and philosophy to medicine’, in Charles Greene Cumston, ''An introduction to the history of medicine, from the time of the pharaohs to the end of the XVIIIth century'', London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & co, 1926 * 'Individual Psychology: A Retrospect (and a Valuation)', prefatory essay to

, ''Problems of neurosis: a book of case-histories'', ed.

Philip Mairet Philip Mairet (; full name: Philippe Auguste Mairet; 1886–1975) was a British designer, writer and journalist. He had a wide range of interest: crafts, Alfred Adler and psychiatry, and Social Credit. He translated major figures including Jean- ...

, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1929, pp. vii-xxxvii * ''Epidemiological essays'', 1930

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Crookshank, Francis Graham 1873 births 1933 suicides British medical writers 20th-century English medical doctors British public health doctors Alumni of University College London Suicides in Westminster People from Wimbledon, London Writers from London 1933 deaths