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The ethno-linguistic composition of
Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with t ...
according to the census of 31 December 1910 was as follows:


Population


Languages

In the Austrian Empire (Cisleithania), the census of 1911 recorded ''Umgangssprache'', everyday language. Jews and those using German in offices often stated German as their ''Umgangssprache'', even when having a different ''Muttersprache''. The
Istro-Romanians The Istro-Romanians ( ruo, rumeri or ) are a Romance ethnic group native to or associated with the Istrian Peninsula. Historically, they inhabited vast parts of it, as well as the western side of the island of Krk until 1875. However, due to s ...
were counted as Romanians. In the Kingdom of Hungary (Transleithania), the census was based primarily on mother tongue, 48.1% of the total population spoke Hungarian as their native language. Not counting autonomous Croatia-Slavonia, more than 54.4% of the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Hungary were native speakers of Hungarian. This included also the Jews (around 5% of the population), as mostly they were Hungarian-speaking (the Yiddish speakers were recorded as German).A. J. P. Taylor, The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918, 1948.


Cisleithanian states


Transleithanian states


Historical regions

The Germans in Croatia were mainly living in the eastern parts of the country where they had been settled along the Drava and Danube rivers, the Military Borders (Militärgrenze) after the ouster of the Turks in 1687.


Religions


See also

*
Minority Treaties The Minority Treaties are treaties, League of Nations mandates, and unilateral declarations made by countries applying for membership in the League of Nations that conferred basic rights on all the inhabitants of the country without distinction ...
*
Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (french: Traité de Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was signed on 10 September 1919 by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the Republic of German-Austria on the other. Like the Treaty of Tri ...
* Treaty of Trianon (1920)


References

{{Reflist * William R. Shepherd: "Distribution of Races in Austria-Hungary", ''Historical Atlas'', 191


Further reading

* Steidl, Annemarie et al. ''From a Multiethnic Empire to a Nation of Nations: Austro-Hungarian Migrants in the US, 1870–1940'' (Innsbruck: Studien Verlag, 2017). 354 pp. Austro-Hungarian people by ethnic or national origin, * History of Austria-Hungary