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Erythrism or erythrochroism refers to an unusual reddish pigmentation of an animal's
File:Pink_katydid_Ontario.jpg
File:Pink-orange_katydid,_Florida.jpg
File:Pink katydid New York.jpg
File:Pink Grasshopper with Erythrism found in Kelleys Island, Ohio.jpg
The Mystery of the Red Bees of Red Hook
''The New York Times'', November 30, 2010
Rare Pink Katydid Discovered in Northern Illinois
''Chicago Tribune'', August 10, 2011
August 28, 2009
Erythrism: Grasshopper in New Zealand
Rod Morris, 2010
Pink Animal Amazingness
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223144302/http://www.lemondrop.com/2008/12/18/pink-animal-amazingness/ , date=2008-12-23 , Paula Kashtan, lemondrop.com, December 18, 2008 Disturbances of pigmentation Genetic disorders with no OMIM Dermatologic terminology
Erythrism or erythrochroism refers to an unusual reddish pigmentation of an animal's hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.
The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and f ...
, skin
Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation.
Other cuticle, animal coverings, such as the arthropod exoskeleton, have diffe ...
, feather
Feathers are epidermal growths that form a distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on both avian (bird) and some non-avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs. They are the most complex integumentary structures found in vertebrates and a premier ...
s, or eggshell
An eggshell is the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs with soft outer coats.
Diversity
Worm eggs
Nematode eggs present a two layered structure: an external vitellin layer made of chitin that confers mechanical ...
s.
Causes of erythrism include:
* Genetic mutations which cause an absence of a normal pigment and/or excessive production of others
* Diet, as in bees feeding on "bright red corn syrup
Corn syrup is a food syrup which is made from the starch of corn (called maize in many countries) and contains varying amounts of sugars: glucose, maltose and higher oligosaccharides, depending on the grade. Corn syrup is used in foods to softe ...
" used in maraschino cherry
A maraschino cherry ( ) is a preserved, sweetened cherry, typically made from light-colored sweet cherries such as the Royal Ann cherry, Royal Ann, Rainier cherry, Rainier, or Gold varieties. In their modern form, the cherries are first pre ...
manufacturing.
Erythrism in katydid
Insects in the family Tettigoniidae are commonly called katydids (especially in North America), or bush crickets. They have previously been known as "long-horned grasshoppers". More than 8,000 species are known. Part of the suborder Ensifera, t ...
s has been occasionally observed. The coloring might be a camouflage that helps some members of the species survive on red plants. There is also consensus that the erythristic mutation is actually a dominant trait among katydid species, albeit a disadvantageous one, due to the overwhelmingly green coloration of most foliage. Hence, most pink or otherwise vividly colored katydids do not survive to adulthood, and this observation explains their rarity. Erythrism in leopard
The leopard (''Panthera pardus'') is one of the five extant species in the genus '' Panthera'', a member of the cat family, Felidae. It occurs in a wide range in sub-Saharan Africa, in some parts of Western and Central Asia, Southern Russia, a ...
s is rare, but one study reported that two of twenty-eight leopards seen in camera trap
A camera trap is a camera that is automatically triggered by a change in some activity in its vicinity, like presence of an animal or a human being. It is typically equipped with a motion sensor – usually a passive infrared (PIR) sensor ...
s in a South African nature reserve were erythristic, and the authors found records of five other "strawberry" leopards from the region.
Gallery
See also
*Albinism
Albinism is the congenital absence of melanin in an animal or plant resulting in white hair, feathers, scales and skin and pink or blue eyes. Individuals with the condition are referred to as albino.
Varied use and interpretation of the term ...
* Amelanism
Amelanism (also known as amelanosis) is a pigmentation abnormality characterized by the lack of pigments called melanins, commonly associated with a genetic loss of tyrosinase function. Amelanism can affect fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and ...
* Dyschromia
Dyschromia refers to an alteration of the color of the skin or nails.
"Hyperchromia" can refer to hyperpigmentation, and "hypochromia" can refer to hypopigmentation.
"Dyschromatoses" involve both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules.
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* Heterochromia iridum
Heterochromia is a variation in coloration. The term is most often used to describe color differences of the iris, but can also be applied to color variation of hair or skin. Heterochromia is determined by the production, delivery, and concentra ...
* Leucism
Leucism () is a wide variety of conditions that result in the partial loss of pigmentation in an animal—causing white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales, or cuticles, but not the eyes. It is occasionally spelled ' ...
* Melanism
The term melanism refers to black pigment and is derived from the gr, μελανός. Melanism is the increased development of the dark-colored pigment melanin in the skin or hair.
Pseudomelanism, also called abundism, is another variant of pi ...
* Piebaldism
Piebaldism refers to the absence of mature melanin-forming cells (melanocytes) in certain areas of the skin and hair. It is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews ...
* Red hair
Red hair (also known as orange hair and ginger hair) is a hair color found in one to two percent of the human population, appearing with greater frequency (two to six percent) among people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and ...
* Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a disorder that causes the skin to lose its color. Specific causes are unknown but studies suggest a link to immune system changes.
Signs and symptoms
The only sign of vitiligo is the presence of pale patchy areas of depigmen ...
* Xanthochromism
Xanthochromism (also called xanthochroism or xanthism) is an unusually yellow pigmentation in an animal. It is often associated with the lack of usual red pigmentation and its replacement with yellow. The cause is usually genetic but may also be ...
References
External links
The Mystery of the Red Bees of Red Hook
''The New York Times'', November 30, 2010
Rare Pink Katydid Discovered in Northern Illinois
''Chicago Tribune'', August 10, 2011
August 28, 2009
Erythrism: Grasshopper in New Zealand
Rod Morris, 2010
Pink Animal Amazingness
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223144302/http://www.lemondrop.com/2008/12/18/pink-animal-amazingness/ , date=2008-12-23 , Paula Kashtan, lemondrop.com, December 18, 2008 Disturbances of pigmentation Genetic disorders with no OMIM Dermatologic terminology