Empress Xiaomucheng (1781 – 17 February 1808), of the

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name. The Later Jin (1616–1636) and ...

Bordered Yellow Banner The Bordered Yellow Banner () was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China. The Bordered Yellow Banner was one of three "upper" banner armies under the direct command of the emperor hi ...

Niohuru clan, was a

consort __NOTOC__ Consort may refer to: Music * "The Consort" (Rufus Wainwright song), from the 2000 album ''Poses'' * Consort of instruments, term for instrumental ensembles * Consort song (musical), a characteristic English song form, late 16th–earl ...

of the

Daoguang Emperor The Daoguang Emperor (; 16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanxong of Qing, born Mianning, was the seventh Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning ...

Life

Family background

Empress Xiaomucheng's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Buyandalai (; d. 1801), served as the Minister of Revenue from 1799–1801, and held the title of a third class duke () ** Paternal grandfather: Arigūn (; d. 1769),

Ebilun Ebilun (Manchu:, Mölendroff: ebilun; ; died 1673) was a Manchu noble and warrior of the Niohuru clan, most famous for being one of the Four Regents assisting the young Kangxi Emperor from 1661 to 1667, during the early Qing dynasty (1644–1912 ...

's grandson ** Paternal great uncle: Necin (讷亲; d. 1749), served as Minister of War until 1749 ** Paternal uncle: Fengsheng'e （丰昇额,d.1777), served as the

Minister of War A defence minister or minister of defence is a cabinet official position in charge of a ministry of defense, which regulates the armed forces in sovereign states. The role of a defence minister varies considerably from country to country; in som ...

in 1770 and Minister of Revenue in 1773

Jiaqing era

On 22 December 1796, Lady Niohuru married Minning, the second son of the

Jiaqing Emperor The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), also known by his temple name Emperor Renzong of Qing, born Yongyan, was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, fro ...

, and became his primary consort. She died on 17 February 1808 and was interred in the

Eastern Qing tombs The Eastern Qing tombs (; ) are an imperial mausoleum complex of the Qing dynasty located in Zunhua, northeast of Beijing. They are the largest, most complete, and best preserved extant mausoleum complex in China. Altogether, five emperors (Shun ...

Daoguang era

The Jiaqing Emperor died on 2 September 1820 and was succeeded by Minning, who was enthroned as the Daoguang Emperor. Lady Niohuru was granted the posthumous title "Empress Xiaomu". In 1828, there was a leak in the Eastern Qing tombs, resulting in flooding. In 1829, Lady Niohuru's casket was temporarily moved to the Baohua Ravine Hall (寶華峪正殿). In 1835, her casket was transferred to the Mu Mausoleum of the

Western Qing tombs The Western Qing tombs (; ) are located some southwest of Beijing in Yi County, Hebei Province. They constitute a necropolis that incorporates four royal mausoleums where seventy-eight royal members are buried. These include four emperors of th ...

Titles

* During the reign of the

Qianlong Emperor The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 17117 February 1799), also known by his temple name Emperor Gaozong of Qing, born Hongli, was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 t ...

(r. 1735–1796): ** Lady Niohuru (from 1781) * During the reign of the

(r. 1796–1820): ** Primary consort (; from 22 December 1796) * During the reign of the

(r. 1820–1850): ** ''Empress Xiaomu'' (; from 1820) * During the reign of the

Xianfeng Emperor The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), or by temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing (), given name Yizhu (), was the eighth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigned from 1850 t ...

(r. 1850–1861): ** ''Empress Xiaomucheng'' (; from 26 October 1850道光三十年九月二十二日)

Notes

References

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Xiaomucheng, Empress 1781 births 1808 deaths Xiaomucheng, Empress Xiaomucheng, Empress 18th-century Chinese women 18th-century Chinese people 19th-century Chinese women 19th-century Chinese people Consorts of the Daoguang Emperor