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Emmanuel Maurice de Lorraine (Emmanuel Maurice; 30 December 1677 – 17 July 1763) was
Duke of Elbeuf The Seigneurie of Elbeuf, later a marquisate, dukedom, and peerage, was based on the territory of Elbeuf in the Vexin, possessed first by the Count of Valois, Counts of Valois and then the Counts of Meulan before passing to the House of Harcourt. ...
and Prince of Lorraine. He succeeded his older brother Henri de Lorraine (1661–1748) as duke. He died without any surviving issue.


Biography

Emmanuel Maurice was born the youngest son of Charles de Lorraine, ''Duke of Elbeuf'' and his second wife, Élisabeth de La Tour d'Auvergne, daughter of the Duke of Boillon, member of the illustrious
House of La Tour d'Auvergne La Tour d'Auvergne () was a noble French dynasty. Its senior branch, extinct in 1501, held two of the last large fiefs acquired by the French crown, the counties of Auvergne and Boulogne, for about half a century. Its cadet branch, extinct in 1802, ...
. She was a niece of the ''
vicomte de Turenne Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne (11 September 161127 July 1675), commonly known as Turenne , was a French general and one of only six Marshals to have been promoted Marshal General of France. The most illustrious member of the ...
''. A member of the ''House of Guise'' founded by
Claude, Duke of Guise Claude de Lorraine, Duke of Guise (20 October 1496 – 12 April 1550) was a French aristocrat and general. He became the first Duke of Guise in 1528. He was a highly effective general for the French crown. His children and grandchildren were to ...
, he was a ''Prince of Lorraine'' as a male line descendant of
René II, Duke of Lorraine René II (2 May 1451 – 10 December 1508) was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1 ...
. His sister in law was Charlotte de Rochechouart de Mortemart, a daughter of
Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Duke of Mortemart (25 August 1636 – 15 September 1688) was a French nobleman and member of the ancient House of Rochechouart. His father Gabriel de Rochechouart de Mortemart was a childhood friend of ...
and a niece of Madame de Montespan. His half sister Suzanne Henriette was later the Duchess of Mantua. In 1706, he served under
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor , father = Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg , birth_date = , birth_place = Vienna, Austria , death_date = , death_place = Vienna, Austria , burial_place = Imperial Crypt, Vienna , r ...
at Naples as lieutenant general of the Cavalry. As a result,
Louis XIV Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was List of French monarchs, King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the Li ...
deserted him. Living in Naples, he commissioned the Neapolitan architect
Ferdinando Sanfelice Ferdinando Sanfelice (1675 – 1 April 1748) was an Italian late Baroque architect and painter. Sanfelice was born in Naples and died there. He was one of the principal architects in Naples in the first half of the 18th century. He was a studen ...
to construct him a private residence on the outskirts of the city in
Portici Portici (; ) is a town and ''comune'' of the Metropolitan City of Naples in Italy. It is the site of the Portici Royal Palace. Geography Portici lies at the foot of Mount Vesuvius on the Bay of Naples, about southeast of Naples itself. There i ...
in 1711. The property was called the ''villa d’Elbeuf''. From 1711 until 1716 he lived at the villa. This villa was seen by Charles, King of Naples and his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony in 1738 and the couple were so impressed that the couple ordered the construction of the Reggia di Portici which still stands today. He is usually credited for discovering the ruins at
Herculaneum Herculaneum (; Neapolitan and it, Ercolano) was an ancient town, located in the modern-day ''comune'' of Ercolano, Campania, Italy. Herculaneum was buried under volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. Like the n ...
and
Pompeii Pompeii (, ) was an ancient city located in what is now the ''comune'' of Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area (e.g. at Boscoreale, Stabiae), was burie ...
. While living in Naples, he underwrote the first efforts to tunnel into the ground at the site. His men happened to dig right into an ancient Roman theater at Herculaneum and were able to extract a number of marble statues. Most of these were used to decorate his estate; others were distributed across Europe. The same year as the excavations he returned to FranceThe rule of
Louis XIV Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was List of French monarchs, King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the Li ...
having ended in 1715; France was ruled by Philippe d'Orléans, '' Regent of the Kingdom'' till 1723 for the infant
Louis XV Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved (french: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. He succeeded his great-grandfather Louis XIV at the age of five. Until he reache ...
to regain his possessions. Styled ''prince d'Elbeuf'', he was not expected to become Duke of Elbeuf as he was the youngest of five sons born to his father and his first two wives. His older half brothers Charles (1660–1690), Henri Frédéric (1657–1666) and Louis de Lorraine (1662–1693) died before their father and the duchy was thus inherited by Emmanuel Maurice's other surviving brother
Henri Henri is an Estonian, Finnish, French, German and Luxembourgish form of the masculine given name Henry. People with this given name ; French noblemen :'' See the ' List of rulers named Henry' for Kings of France named Henri.'' * Henri I de Mon ...
. Henri died without any surviving issue, two of his sons dying within a week of each other in 1705 having been in the
War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Phil ...
. Emmanuel Maurice became Duke of Elbeuf in May 1748 holding the title till his death. Emmanuel Maurice married twice but neither union produced issue. He died aged 85 and was succeeded by his second cousin Charles Eugène de Lorraine.


Marriages

Emmanuel Maurice married twice; *Marie Therese de Stramboni (d.1745) - married 25 October 1713; no issue; the couple married in Naples; *Innocentia Catherine de Rougé du Plessis-Bellière, see House of Rougé (1707–1794) - married 6 June 1747; no issue.


Ancestry


References and notes


Sources

*Georges Poull, ''La maison ducale de Lorraine'', 1991 {{DEFAULTSORT:Emmanuel Maurice Of Elbeuf 1677 births 1763 deaths House of Guise House of Lorraine Dukes of Elbeuf 17th-century French people 18th-century French people French generals French military personnel Nobility from Paris Princes of Lorraine 18th-century peers of France Military personnel from Paris