Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideall ...

of small air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...

terrestrial Terrestrial refers to things related to land or the planet Earth. Terrestrial may also refer to: * Terrestrial animal, an animal that lives on land opposed to living in water, or sometimes an animal that lives on or near the ground, as opposed to ...

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group include ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. The ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estim ...

s in the clade Eupulmonata.Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=198 on 2012-08-19 Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Anatomy

In this family, the number of

haploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respecti ...

chromosomes lies between 16 and 20 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142. They have a distinctive mode of locomotion arising due to a split sole. The front part of the sole adheres to the substrate and then the rear part of the sole is drawn up to the front part.

Taxonomy

Species are traditionally classified into five taxonomic groups, the Pythiidae, the Laemodontidae, the Melampodidae, the Ellobiidae and the Carychiidae. These taxa have been recognized either as families within Ellobioidea or as sub-families within the family Ellobiidae. The family Ellobiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005): * subfamily Ellobiinae Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822) * subfamily Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830 * subfamily Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850) * subfamily Pedipedinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1880 * subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925 (1880) * † subfamily Zaptychiinae Wenz, 1938 The high degree of

homoplasy Homoplasy, in biology and phylogenetics, is the term used to describe a feature that has been gained or lost independently in separate lineages over the course of evolution. This is different from homology, which is the term used to characterize ...

in morphological characters and frequent low variability has led to the description of approximately 800 species names available in the literature, of which 250 are likely to be valid. A molecular study by Dayrat at al. (2011)Dayrat B., Conrad M., Balayan S., White T. R., Albrecht C., Golding R., Gomes S., Harasewych M. G., de Frias Martins A. M. (2011). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of pulmonate gastropods (Mollusca): new insights from increased taxon sampling". ''

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics. The journal is edited by E.A. Zimmer. Indexing The journal is indexed in: *EMBiology EMBiology is a bibliographic databas ...

'' 59: 425-437. . for the Ellobioidea suggests a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

origin of the entire group.

Genera

Genera within the family Ellobiidae include: subfamily Ellobiinae * '' Blauneria'' Shuttleworth, 1854 * '' Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 subfamily Carychiinae * '' Carychium'' O. F. Müller, 1773 * '' Zospeum'' Bourguignat, 1856 subfamily Melampinae * ''

Melampus In Greek mythology, Melampus (; grc, Μελάμπους, ''Melampous'') was a legendary soothsayer and healer, originally of Pylos, who ruled at Argos. He was the introducer of the worship of Dionysus, according to Herodotus, who asserted th ...

'' Montfort, 1810 subfamily Pedipedinae * '' Creedonia'' Martins, 1996 * '' Leuconopsis'' Hutton, 1884 * '' Marinula'' King & Broderip, 1832 * '' Microtralia'' Dall, 1894 * '' Pedipes'' Férussac, 1821 * '' Pseudomelampus'' Pallary, 1900 * ''

Sarnia Sarnia is a city in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada. It had a Canada 2021 Census, 2021 population of 72,047, and is the largest city on Lake Huron. Sarnia is located on the eastern bank of the junction between the Upper and Lower Great Lakes w ...

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name) subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925 * '' Allochroa'' Ancey, 1887 * '' Auriculastra'' Martens, 1880 * '' Cassidula'' Gray, 1847 *'' Laemodonta''

Philippi Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...

, 1846 *'' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * '' Ophicardelus'' Beck, 1838 * '' Ovatella'' Bivona, 1832 * '' Pleuroloba'' Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005 * ''

Pythia Pythia (; grc, Πυθία ) was the name of the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. She specifically served as its oracle and was known as the Oracle of Delphi. Her title was also historically glossed in English as the Pythoness ...

'' Röding, 1798 - type genus of the subfamily Pythiinae. † subfamily Zaptychiinae * † '' Zaptychius'' Walcott, 1883 - type genus of the subfamily subfamily ? * '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 * '' Auriculodes'' Strand, 1928 * '' Blauneria'' Shuttleworth, 1854 * '' Detracia''

Gray Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed ...

in Turton, 1840 * '' Tralia''

, 1840 ;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Alexia'' Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Auricula'' Lamarck, 1799: synonym of '' Ellobium'' Röding, 1798 * ''Cremnobates'' Swainson, 1855: synonym of '' Marinula'' King & Broderip, 1832 * ''Jaminia'' T. Brown, 1827: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Kochia'' Pallary, 1900: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Laimodonta'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Leuconia'' Gray, 1840: synonym of '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 * ''Leucopepla'' Peile, 1926: synonym of '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 *''Leucophytia'' Winckworth, 1949: synonym of '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886 * ''Monica'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Ovatella'' Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 * ''Nealexia'' Wenz, 1920: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906 * ''Phytia'': synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Pira'' H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of ''

'' Montfort, 1810 * ''Plecotrema'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of '' Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846 * ''Rangitotoa'' Powell, 1933: synonym of '' Microtralia'' Dall, 1894 ;Taxonomic note: Genus ''Sarnia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia '' . & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239''is an incorrect subsequent spelling of ''Siona'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of '' Siona'' Duponchel, 1829 epidoptera)

Ecology

The taxon Ellobioidea comprises a group of morphologically and ecologically highly diverse snails, known to have successfully invaded the marine, brackish water and terrestrial habitats. These are mostly snails that live in

salt marsh A salt marsh or saltmarsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides. It is dominate ...

es and similar

maritime Maritime may refer to: Geography * Maritime Alps, a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps * Maritime Region, a region in Togo * Maritime Southeast Asia * The Maritimes, the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prin ...

habitats, and thus have a tolerance for saline conditions.

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the referenceWeigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". ''

BMC Evolutionary Biology ''BMC Ecology and Evolution'' (since January 2021), previously ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' (2001–2020), is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all fields of evolutionary biology, including phylogenetics and palaeontology. It ...

'' 13: 18. .

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q129785 Gastropod families