Elections in Nicaragua gives information on

election An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office. Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has opera ...

s and election results in

Nicaragua Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...

. The Republic of Nicaragua elects on national level a

head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

– the

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

– and a

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...

legislature A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make law Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its p ...

. The President of Nicaragua and his or her vice-president are elected on one ballot for a five-year term by the people. The

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the rep ...

''(Asamblea Nacional)'' has 92 members: 90 deputies elected for a five-year term by

proportional representation Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divis ...

(20 nationally and 70 regionally), the outgoing president, and the runner-up in the last presidential election. Should the president be reelected (not originally planned for in the Nicaraguan constitution), the outgoing vice president takes the seat reserved for him instead. Nicaragua has a

multi-party system In political science, a multi-party system is a political system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national elections, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in ...

Latest elections

2021 Presidential Election

2021 National Assembly Election

2021 Central American Parliament Election

2019 autonomous regional elections

The eighth autonomous elections on the Caribbean Coast took place on March 3, 2019. The voters elected 45 members to each Regional Council in the RACCN and the RACCS. (These results are preliminary, as voting is still being counted by the Supreme Electoral Council). *

Sandinista National Liberation Front The Sandinista National Liberation Front ( es, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a socialist political party in Nicaragua. Its members are called Sandinistas () in both English and Spanish. The party is named after Augusto Cé ...

(FSLN) - 64 seats (RACCN: 30, RACCS: 34) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 14 seats (RACCN: 12, RACCS: 2) *

Constitutionalist Liberal Party The Constitutionalist Liberal Party ( es, Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC) is a political party in Nicaragua. At the Nicaraguan general election of 5 November 2006, the party won 25 of 92 seats in the National Assembly. However, the pa ...

(PLC) - 12 seats (RACCN: 3, RACCS: 9) Total votes for all participating parties: *

(FSLN) - 81,503 (55.03%) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 27,522 (18.63%) *

(PLC) - 23,907 (16.14%) * Conservative Party - 364 (0.25%) * Multiethnic Indigenist Party (PIM) - 1,219 (0.82%) *

Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance The Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance ( – ALN) is a political coalition in Nicaragua. It was started in 2005 by Eduardo Montealegre and other members of the Constitutional Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista – PLC) who opposed former ...

(ALN) - 622 (0.45%) * Alliance for the Republic (APRE) - 334 (0.23%) * Independent Liberal Party (PLI) - 1,428 (0.96%) * Democratic Restoration Party (PRD) - 278 votes (0.18%) * Citizens for Liberty (CXL) - 8,390 (5.67%) * Myatamaran - 700 votes (0.47%) * Moskitia Pawanka - 614 votes (0.41%) * Neoliberal Party (PAL) - 1,113 votes (0.75%) Source

Past elections

Presidential elections 1984-2011

1984

The 1984 election took place on November 4. Of the 1,551,597 citizens registered in July, 1,170,142 voted (75.41%). The null votes were 6% of the total. The national averages of valid votes for president were: * Daniel Ortega,

(FSLN) - 66.97% *

Clemente Guido Clemente is both an Italian, Spanish and Portuguese surname and a given name. Notable people with the surname include: Surname * Aldo Di Clemente (born 1948), Italian amateur astronomer * Anna Clemente (born 1994), Italian racewalker * Ari Cleme ...

Democratic Conservative Party The Democratic Conservative Party ( Spanish: ''Partido Conservador Demócrata'', PCD) is a Nicaraguan political party with a traditional conservative ideology. The party was formed in 1979. Clemente Guido participated as PCD's presidential candida ...

(PCD) - 14.04% * Virgilio Godoy, Independent Liberal Party (PLI) - 9.60% * Mauricio Diaz,

Popular Social Christian Party The Popular Social Christian Party ( - PPSC), was a Nicaraguan political party. It was an offshoot of the Social Christian Party formed in the late 1970s when Manolo Morales led schism from the PSC. The party supported the FSLN against the Somoza ...

(PPSC) - 5.56% * Allan Zambrana, Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCdeN) - 1.45% * Domingo Sánchez Sancho, Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) - 1.31% * Isidro Téllez, Marxist-Leninist Popular Action Movement (MAP-ML) - 1.03% The pro-Sandinista magazine, ''Envio'' claimed that this election was considered to have the "most freedom of choice" in the nation's history and was approved by international advocates of free election

1990

The historical election of 1990 took place on February 25. The total registered voters were 1,752,088 and the abstentions 241,250 or 13.7%. The

United Nicaraguan Opposition The United Nicaraguan Opposition (''Unidad Nicaragüense Opositora'', UNO) was a Nicaraguan rebel umbrella group formed in 1985, led by the triumvirate of Adolfo Calero, Alfonso Robelo, and Arturo Cruz. However, the great majority of UNO's milita ...

coalition of those who opposed the ruling

was victorious, winning 55% of the vote.

Violeta Chamorro Violeta Barrios Torres de Chamorro (; 18 October 1929) is a Nicaraguan politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 1990 to 1997. She was the first and, as of 2022, only woman to hold the position of president of Nicaragua. Born into ...

became president. The national averages of valid votes for president were: * Violeta Barrios de Chamorro,

National Opposition Union National Opposition Union ( es, Unión Nacional Opositora, UNO) was a Nicaraguan wide-range coalition of opposition parties formed to oppose president Daniel Ortega's Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in the 1990 election. Its can ...

(UNO) - 777,552 votes - 54.73% * Daniel Ortega,

(FSLN) - 579,886 votes - 40.82% *Other - 63,106 - 4.4

1996

In presidential elections, Arnoldo Alemán of the Liberal Alliance- Liberal Constitutionalist Party defeated Daniel Ortega of the

. A record number of 24 parties and alliances participated in these elections. * Arnoldo Alemán, Liberal Alliance - 51.03% * Daniel Ortega,

(FSLN) - 37.75% * Guillermo Osorno,

Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path Nicaragua (; ), officially the Republic of Nicaragua (), is the largest country in Central America, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Managua is the countr ...

(CCN) - 4.10% * Noel Vidaurre, Nicaraguan Conservative Party (PCN) - 2.26% *Other (20 other candidates with less than 1% of the votes) - 4.8

2001

2006

2011

;2016

Parliamentary election results 1984-2016

1984

The 1984 parliamentary election was held together with the presidential election on November 4. The percentages for National Assembly representatives were very similar to those the parties had received for their presidential candidate. The electoral quotient needed to win one of the 90 National Assembly seats was obtained by dividing the number of valid votes in each region by the number of representatives that had been assigned to each region, proportional to its population. Each party's "left over" votes—those insufficient to earn it a seat in a given region—were then added together and re-tallied nationally. The seats earned in this second count went to the next candidate on the party's slate in the regions where it had come closest to winning on the first round. In addition, any party getting at least 1% of the presidential vote (which all six losing parties did) was allowed a seat for its defeated presidential candidate. The final composition of the National Assembly was thus: *

(FSLN) - 61 seats *

(PCD) - 14 seats * Independent Liberal Party (PLI) - 9 seats *

(PPSC) - 6 seats * Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCdeN) - 2 seats * Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) - 2 seats * Marxist-Leninist Popular Action Movement (MAP-ML) - 2 seats Source

1990

The 1990 parliamentary election was held together with the presidential election on February 25. The final composition of the National Assembly in 1990 was: *

(UNO) - 51 seats *

(FSLN) - 39 seats *

(PCD) - 3 seats * Independent Liberal Party (PLI) - 3 seats *

(PPSC) - 3 seats * Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCdeN) - 3 seats * Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) - 3 seats * Marxist-Leninist Popular Action Movement (MAP-ML) - 3 seats * Revolutionary Unity Movement (MUR) - 1 seat * Social Christian Party (PSC) - 1 seat Note: The 1990 Assembly members are joined by any presidential candidate who receives over 1% of the vote Sources

1996

The 1996 elections for the National Assembly took place together with the Presidential election on October 20. The final composition of the National Assembly in 1996 was: * Liberal Alliance (AL) - 42 seats *

(FSLN) - 36 seats *

(CCN) - 4 seats * Nicaraguan Conservative Party (PCN) - 3 seats * National Project (PRONAL) - 2 seats * Nicaraguan Resistance Party (PRN) - 1 seat *

Sandinista Renovation Movement The Sandinista Renovation Movement (''Movimiento Renovador Sandinista'' or MRS, in Spanish) is a Nicaraguan political party founded on 21 May 1995. It defines itself as a democratic and progressive party, made of women and men, which promotes the ...

(MRS) - 1 seat * Unity Alliance (AU) - 1 seat * Independent Liberal Party (PLI) - 1 seat * National Conservative Action (ANC) - 1 seat * UNO-96 Alliance (UNO-96) - 1 seat Source

2001

2006

2011

; 2016 legislative election

Municipal election results 1990-2017

1990

The 1990 municipal election was held together with the presidential and the parliamentary elections on February 25. Municipal Councils were elected in 131 municipalities nationwide. The final results for the elections were: *

(UNO) - 98 municipalities controlled *

(FSLN) - 31 municipalities controlled *

Central American Unionist Party The Central American Unionist Party (Spanish: ''Partido Unionista Centroamericano'' - PUCA) is a center-right Nicaraguan political party. PUCA was originally established as a cultural grouping advocating 'Central Americanization' in 1904. Renamed t ...

(PUCA) - 2 municipalities controlled Sources

1996

A great expectation in the 1996 municipal elections was the participation for the first (and last) time of what the Electoral Law terms "popular subscription associations". According to the Electoral Law, to be formed, an association needed, among other things, to present to the Supreme Electoral Council (Nicaragua), Supreme Electoral Council a "written request signed by a minimum of 5% of the citizens on the electoral rolls corresponding to the respective electoral area". A total of 53 associations participated in the municipal elections. One of them (the Civic Association of Potosí) won the mayor's post. Despite winning only one municipality, an important number of association candidates finished in second or third place. In the nation's capital,

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, two independent candidates; Pedro Solórzano of the Viva Managua Movement association and Herty Lewites of the Sol (sun) association competed against the AL and FSLN official candidates. ALN's Roberto Cedeño got the 28% of the votes followed closely by Solórzano with 26%, Carlos Guadamúz from the FSLN with 25.7% and Herty Lewites who became

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's mayor four years later came in fourth place with 12.3%. The 1996 municipal election took place together with the Presidential election on October 20. Municipal Councils were elected in 145 municipalities nationwide. The final results for the elections were: * Liberal Alliance (AL) - 92 municipalities controlled *

(FSLN) - 51 municipalities controlled *

(MRS) - 1 municipality controlled * Civic Association of Potosí (ACP) - 1 municipality controlled Source

2000

In the 2000 municipal election 1,532,816 voters elected Municipal Councils in 151 municipalities nationwide. It was the first time that the Presidential and Municipal elections were held separately. The final results for the elections were: *

(PLC) - 94 municipalities controlled *

(FSLN) - 52 municipalities controlled * Conservative Party of Nicaragua, Conservative Party (PC) - 5 municipalities controlled The FSLN won for the first time in ten years the municipality of

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, Nicaragua's capital city with its candidate Herty Lewites that pulled 44% of the votes. Source

2004

In the 2004 municipal election 1,664,243 voters elected Municipal Councils in 152 municipalities nationwide, with nearly a 56% abstention. The final results for the elections were: *

(FSLN-Convergence) - 87 municipalities controlled *

(PLC) - 57 municipalities controlled * Alliance for the Republic (APRE) - 4 municipalities controlled * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 3 municipalities controlled * Nicaraguan Resistance Party (PRN) - 1 municipality controlled Note: Elections took place for the first time in the newly created municipality of

San José de Bocay San José de Bocay is a town and a municipality in the Jinotega department, Nicaragua. With an area of 3,990.40 km2, the municipality of San José de Bocay was officially created on March 13, 2002, as a result of the division of the El Cu ...

in the

Jinotega Jinotega () (derived from Náhuatl: ''Xiotenko'' ‘place next to the jiñocuajo trees’) is the capital city of the Department of Jinotega in north-central Nicaragua. The city is located in a long valley surrounded by the cool climate and D ...

department. The 2004 municipal elections represented a huge Sandinista victory. The FSLN-Convergence won 14 of the 17 departmental capitals, 87 of the 152 municipalities —including 5 of the 6 that make up

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’s greater metropolitan area— and 25 of

’s 42 largest cities. In total it will govern a little over 4 million inhabitants, nearly 71% of the national population. The Sandinista victory was attributed to the success of the FSLN-Convergence alliance. Of the 87 mayors elected on the FSLN ticket, 17 come from these allies: 5 are independents, 3 are from the Resistance, 3 belong to the

(MRS), 2 are Conservatives, 2 are Liberals, 1 is from the Christian Unity Movement (MUC) and 1 is a Social Christian. Of the deputy mayors who ran with an FSLN mayoral candidate, 28 are Liberals, 16 are independent, 14 are from the MUC, 9 are Conservatives, 9 are from the MRS, 3 are from the Resistance and 1 is a Social Christian. These allied candidates allowed the FSLN to win 12 municipal governments for the first time. Source

2017 municipal elections

In the 2017 municipal election voters elected Municipal Councils in 153 municipalities nationwide, with around 53% turnout. The final results for the elections were: *

- 135 municipalities controlled * Independent Liberal Party (PLI) - 12 municipalities controlled * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 3 municipalities controlled *

(PLC) - 2 municipalities controlled *

- 1 municipality controlled Source:

2022 municipal elections

Autonomous elections on the Caribbean Coast results 1990-2014

1990

The first autonomous elections on the Caribbean Coast took place in 1990 together with the presidential, parliamentary and municipal election on February 25. The voters elected the 45 Regional Council members in what was officially called the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) and the 45 in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS). The abstention was 21%, only 7% higher than the national average: *

(FSLN) - 39 seats (RAAN: 21, RAAS: 18) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 26 seats (RAAN: 22, RAAS: 4) *

(UNO) - 25 seats (RAAN: 2, RAAS: 23) Note: National Assembly representatives also have a seat. Sources

1994

With an abstention of 34%, the inhabitants of the Atlantic Coast elected the 45 Regional Council members in what is officially called the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) and the 45 in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS) on February 27: *

(PLC) - 37 seats (RAAN: 19, RAAS: 18) *

(FSLN) - 33 seats (RAAN: 19, RAAS: 14) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 12 seats (RAAN: 7, RAAS: 5) *

(UNO) - 5 seats (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 5) * Authentic Costeño Autonomy Movement (MAAC) - 2 seats (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 2) * Costeño Democratic Alliance (ADECO) - 1 seat (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 1) Sources

1998

With an abstention of 40%, the inhabitants of the Atlantic Coast elected the 45 Regional Council members in what is officially called the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) and the 45 in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS) on March 1.: *

(PLC) - 44 seats (RAAN: 24, RAAS: 20) *

(FSLN) - 25 seats (RAAN: 13, RAAS: 12) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 12 seats (RAAN: 8, RAAS: 4) * Multiethnic Indigenist Party (PIM) - 7 seats (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 7) * Coast Alliance (Alianza Costeña) - 2 seats (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 2) Sources

2002

With an overall abstention of 50-60%, inhabitants of the Atlantic Coast elected 90 Regional Council members on March 3: *

(PLC) - 48 seats (RAAN: 17, RAAS: 31) *

(FSLN) - 28 seats (RAAN: 15, RAAS: 13) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 13 seats (RAAN: 12, RAAS: 1) * Multiethnic Party for Coast Unity (PAMUC) - 1 seat (RAAN: 1, RAAS: 0) Sources

2006

The fifth autonomous elections on the Caribbean Coast took place on March 5. The abstention was a record-high 55%. The voters elected the 45 Regional Council members in what was officially called the North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) and the 45 in the South Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAS): *

(PLC) - 40 seats (RAAN: 18, RAAS: 22) *

(FSLN) - 27 seats (RAAN: 15, RAAS: 12) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 18 seats (RAAN: 12, RAAS: 6) *

- Conservative Party of Nicaragua, Conservative Party (ALN-PC) - 5 seats (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 5) Three other parties didn't pull enough votes to win a seat in the Regional Council; the regional Multiethnic Party for Coast Unity (PAMUC), the

(MRS) alliance, and Alliance for the Republic (APRE). Source

2010

The sixth autonomous elections on the Caribbean Coast took place on March 7. The abstention rate was 60%. The voters elected 45 Regional Council members in the RAAN and 45 in the RAAS: *

(FSLN) - 41 seats (RAAN: 22, RAAS: 19) *

(PLC) - 30 seats (RAAN: 10, RAAS: 20) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 16 seats (RAAN: 13, RAAS: 3) *

(ALN) - 2 seats (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 2) * Alliance for the Republic (APRE) - 1 seat (RAAN: 0, RAAS: 1) Source

2014

The seventh autonomous elections on the Caribbean Coast took place on March 2. The abstention rate was 59%. The voters elected 45 members to each Regional Council in the newly renamed

North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region The North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region is one of two autonomous regions in Nicaragua. It was created by the Autonomy Statute of 7 September 1987. It covers an area of 33,106 km2 and has a population of 541,189 (2021 estimate). It is the ...

(RACCN) and

South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region The South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region is one of two autonomous regions in Nicaragua. It covers an area of and has a population of 420,935 (2021 estimate). The capital is Bluefields. Bordering the Caribbean Sea, it contains part of the re ...

(RACCS): *

(FSLN) - 58 seats (RACCN: 28, RACCS: 30) * Yapti Tasba Masraka Nanih Aslatakanka (YATAMA) - 15 seats (RACCN: 11, RACCS: 4) * Independent Liberal Party (PLI) - 8 seats (RACCN: 5, RACCS: 3) *

(PLC) - 7 seats (RACCN: 1, RACCS: 6) * Multiethnic Indigenist Party (PIM) - 2 seats (RACCN: 0, RACCS: 2) Source

References

External links

International Museum of Women Feature on Women and the 2006 Elections in NicaraguaNicaragua on Adam Carr's Election ArchiveNicaragua page
of th
ACE Project
{{Nicaragua topics

Latest elections

2021 Presidential Election

2021 National Assembly Election

2021 Central American Parliament Election

2019 autonomous regional elections

Past elections

Presidential elections 1984-2011

1984

1990

1996

2001

2006

2011

Parliamentary election results 1984-2016

1984

1990

1996

2001

2006

2011

Municipal election results 1990-2017

1990

1996

2000

2004

2017 municipal elections

2022 municipal elections

Autonomous elections on the Caribbean Coast results 1990-2014

1990

1994

1998

2002

2006

2010

2014

See also

References

External links