Eleanor of Anjou (August 1289 – 9 August 1341) was
Queen of Sicily
The monarchs of Sicily ruled from the establishment of the County of Sicily in 1071 until the "perfect fusion" in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816.
The origins of the Sicilian monarchy lie in the Norman conquest of southern Italy which occ ...
as the wife of King
Frederick II of Sicily. She was a member of the
Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou or House of Anjou-Sicily, was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct French House of Capet, part of the Capetian dynasty. It is one of three separate royal houses referred to as ''Angevin'', meaning "from Anjou" ...
by birth.
She was the third daughter of King
Charles II of Naples
Charles II, also known as Charles the Lame (french: Charles le Boiteux; it, Carlo lo Zoppo; 1254 – 5 May 1309), was King of Naples, Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1285–1309), Prince of Achaea (1285–1289), and Count of Anjou and Mai ...
and
Mary of Hungary.
Eleanor was firstly married in 1299 to Philippe II de Toucy, son of
Narjot de Toucy, Lord of Laterza, and
Lucia of Tripoli
Lucia (died aft. 1292 or ca 1299) was the last countess of Tripoli, a Crusader state in the Levant.
Biography
She was the daughter of Bohemund VI, Prince of Antioch and Sibylla of Armenia. Her brother was Bohemund VII of Tripoli. When Bohemund ...
. Their marriage was dissolved on 17 January 1300 by
Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII ( la, Bonifatius PP. VIII; born Benedetto Caetani, c. 1230 – 11 October 1303) was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. The Caetani family was of baronial ...
because they were related and had not sought permission from the pope to marry.
On 17 May 1302, Eleanor married secondly to the
King of Sicily
The monarchs of Sicily ruled from the establishment of the County of Sicily in 1071 until the "perfect fusion" in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816.
The origins of the Sicilian monarchy lie in the Norman conquest of southern Italy which occ ...
, Frederick II. Her father and her new husband had been engaged in a war for ascendancy in the
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on ...
and especially
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
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, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
and the
Mezzogiorno
Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half.
The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the pe ...
. The marriage was part of a diplomatic effort to establish peaceful relations which would lead to the
Peace of Caltabellotta
The Peace of Caltabellotta, signed on 31 August 1302, was the last of a series of treaties, including those of Tarascon and Anagni, designed to end the conflict between the Houses of Anjou and Barcelona for ascendancy in the Mediterranean and esp ...
(19 August 1302).
The peace divided the old
Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily ( la, Regnum Siciliae; it, Regno di Sicilia; scn, Regnu di Sicilia) was a state that existed in the south of the Italian Peninsula and for a time the region of Ifriqiya from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 un ...
into an island portion and a peninsular portion. The island, called the Kingdom of
Trinacria Trinacria may refer to:
*the ancient Name of Sicily
**Sicily in the classical Greek period, see History of Greek and Hellenistic Sicily
**Name for the Kingdom of Sicily during the 1300s
**Name for the emblem of Sicily (the triskeles with the Gorg ...
, went to Frederick, who had been ruling it, and the Mezzogiorno, called the Kingdom of Sicily contemporaneously, but called the Kingdom of Naples by modern scholarship, went to Charles II, who had been ruling it. Thus, the peace was formal recognition of an uneasy ''
status quo
is a Latin phrase meaning the existing state of affairs, particularly with regard to social, political, religious or military issues. In the sociological sense, the ''status quo'' refers to the current state of social structure and/or values. ...
''.
Eleanor and Frederick had nine children:
*
Peter II of Sicily (1304–1342), successor
*Roger (born 1305), died young
*
Manfred, Duke of Athens and Neopatria (1306–1317),
Duke of Athens
The Duchy of Athens ( Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, ''Doukaton Athinon''; Catalan: ''Ducat d'Atenes'') was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of ...
and
Neopatria
*
Constance, married on December 29, 1331 to
Leo IV of Armenia
*
Elisabeth (1310–1349),(also known as Isabella), married (1328)
Stephen II of Bavaria
*
William, Prince of Taranto (1312–1338),
Prince of Taranto,
Duke of Athens
The Duchy of Athens ( Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, ''Doukaton Athinon''; Catalan: ''Ducat d'Atenes'') was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of ...
and
Neopatria
*
Giovanni di Randazzo (1317–1348), Duke of
Randazzo,
Duke of Athens
The Duchy of Athens ( Greek: Δουκᾶτον Ἀθηνῶν, ''Doukaton Athinon''; Catalan: ''Ducat d'Atenes'') was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade as part of ...
and
Neopatria, Regent of Sicily (from 1338)
*Catherine (1320–1342)
*
Margaret
Margaret is a female first name, derived via French () and Latin () from grc, μαργαρίτης () meaning "pearl". The Greek is borrowed from Persian.
Margaret has been an English name since the 11th century, and remained popular through ...
(1331–1377), married (1348)
Rudolf II of the Palatinate
Eleanor died on the 9 August 1341 at the Monastery of San Nicolo di Arena (
Catania
Catania (, , Sicilian and ) is the second largest municipality in Sicily, after Palermo. Despite its reputation as the second city of the island, Catania is the largest Sicilian conurbation, among the largest in Italy, as evidenced also b ...
), she had been a widow since 1337. She was buried at a Franciscan monastery in
Catania
Catania (, , Sicilian and ) is the second largest municipality in Sicily, after Palermo. Despite its reputation as the second city of the island, Catania is the largest Sicilian conurbation, among the largest in Italy, as evidenced also b ...
.
References
Sources
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Eleanor Of Anjou, Queen Of Sicily
1289 births
1341 deaths
Capetian House of Anjou
Royal consorts of Sicily
14th-century Sicilian people
Princesses of Antioch
Daughters of kings
14th-century Italian women
Queen mothers