Elaeocarpus Ferruginiflora
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''Elaeocarpus'' is a genus of nearly five hundred species of flowering plants in the family
Elaeocarpaceae Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol. VI. Springer-Verlag: Be ...
native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia, and the Pacific. Plants in the genus ''Elaeocarpus'' are trees or shrubs with simple leaves, flowers with four or five petals usually, and usually blue fruit.


Description

Plants in the genus ''Elaeocarpus'' are mostly evergreen trees or shrubs, a few are epiphytes or lianes, and some are briefly deciduous. The leaves are arranged alternately, simple (strictly compound with only one leaflet) with a swelling where the petiole meets the
lamina Lamina may refer to: Science and technology * Planar lamina, a two-dimensional planar closed surface with mass and density, in mathematics * Laminar flow, (or streamline flow) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption betwee ...
, often have toothed edges, usually have prominent veins and often turn red before falling. The flowers are usually arranged in a
raceme A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...
, usually
bisexual Bisexuality is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward both males and females, or to more than one gender. It may also be defined to include romantic or sexual attraction to people regardless of their sex or gender identity, whi ...
, have four or five sepals and petals and many
stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...
s. The petals usually have finely-divided, linear lobes. The fruit is a oval to spherical
drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or '' pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') ...
that is usually blue, sometimes black, with a sculptured
endocarp Fruit anatomy is the plant anatomy of the internal structure of fruit. Fruits are the mature ovary or ovaries of one or more flowers. They are found in three main anatomical categories: aggregate fruits, multiple fruits, and simple fruits. Agg ...
.


Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Elaeocarpus'' was first formally described in 1753 by
Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
in ''
Species Plantarum ' (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera. It is the first work to consistently apply binomial names and was the ...
'', although
Johannes Burman Johannes Burman (26 April 1707 in Amsterdam – 20 February 1780), was a Dutch botanist and physician. Burman specialized in plants from Ceylon, Amboina and Cape Colony. The name '' Pelargonium'' was introduced by Johannes Burman. Johannes ...
published an illustration of "''Elaecarpus serrata''" in his book ''Thesaurus zeylanicus'', but without a description of the genus. The first species described by Linnaeus (the type species) was ''Elaeocarpus serratus''. The name ''Elaeocarpus'' is derived from
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
and means ‘olive-fruited’.


Species

See also List of ''Elaeocarpus'' species There are about 488 species of ''Elaeocarpus'', found on the islands of the western Indian Ocean, in tropical and subtropical Asia, Australia and on Pacific islands.


Selected species

*'' Elaeocarpus acmosepalus'' *''
Elaeocarpus amoenus ''Elaeocarpus'' is a genus of nearly five hundred species of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae native to the Western Indian Ocean, Tropical and Subtropical Asia, and the Pacific. Plants in the genus ''Elaeocarpus'' are trees or shrubs ...
'' - (Sri Lanka) *''
Elaeocarpus angustifolius ''Elaeocarpus angustifolius'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and occurs from India to New Caledonia and northern Australia. Common synonyms are ''E. ganitrus'' and ''E. sphaericus''. It is a large evergreen tree, of ...
'' - (India, Bangladesh, China, Indochina, Indonesia, Australia, Papua New Guinea and surrounding islands) *'' Elaeocarpus arnhemicus'' - (northern Australia, New Guinea) *''
Elaeocarpus bancroftii ''Elaeocarpus bancroftii'', commonly known as Kuranda quandong, Johnstone River almond, ebony heart, grey nut, or nut tree is a large rainforest tree in the family ''Elaeocarpaceae'' which is endemic to Queensland. It has coriaceous (thick but ...
'' - (Queensland) *'' Elaeocarpus blascoi'' - (India, threatened) *'' Elaeocarpus bojeri'' - (Mauritius) *'' Elaeocarpus brigittae'' - (Sumatra) *'' Elaeocarpus calomala'' - *'' Elaeocarpus carolinae'' - (north-east Queensland) *'' Elaeocarpus ceylanicus'' - (Sri Lanka) *'' Elaeocarpus colnettianus'' - (New Caledonia) *'' Elaeocarpus cordifolius'' - (Kalimantan, Sarawak) *'' Elaeocarpus coriaceus'' - (Sri Lanka) *'' Elaeocarpus costatus'' - (Lord Howe Island) *''
Elaeocarpus cruciatus ''Elaeocarpus cruciatus'' is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the proce ...
'' - (Malaysia, threatened) *'' Elaeocarpus culminicola'' - (New Guinea, Queensland) *''
Elaeocarpus dentatus ''Elaeocarpus dentatus'', commonly known as hinau ( mi, hīnau), is a native lowland forest tree of New Zealand. Other names in Māori for the tree are , , and . A member of the family Elaeocarpaceae, it is found on both the North and South ...
'' - (New Zealand) *'' Elaeocarpus dinagatensis'' - (Philippines) *'' Elaeocarpus eriobotryoides'' - (Malaysia) *''
Elaeocarpus eumundi ''Elaeocarpus eumundi'', commonly known as Eumundi quandong, or smooth-leaved quandong, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a mid-sized tree with egg-shaped to lance-shaped ...
'' - (Australia) *'' Elaeocarpus ferrugineus'' - (Malaysia, Borneo) *'' Elaeocarpus fraseri'' - (Malaysia) *''
Elaeocarpus ganitrus ''Elaeocarpus angustifolius'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and occurs from India to New Caledonia and northern Australia. Common synonyms are ''E. ganitrus'' and ''E. sphaericus''. It is a large evergreen tree, of ...
'' *'' Elaeocarpus gaussenii'' - (India, critically endangered) *'' Elaeocarpus gigantifolius'' - (Philippines) *'' Elaeocarpus glandulifer'' - (Sri Lanka) *''
Elaeocarpus grandis ''Elaeocarpus grandis'', commonly known as caloon, white quandong, blue quandong, silver quandong, blue fig or blueberry ash, is species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a large tree w ...
'' – blue quandong (New South Wales, Queensland) *'' Elaeocarpus griffithii'' – (Island and mainland Southeast Asia) *'' Elaeocarpus hedyosmus'' - (Sri Lanka) *''
Elaeocarpus holopetalus ''Elaeocarpus holopetalus'', commonly known as black olive berry, mountain blueberry, or mountain quandong, is species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with regularly ...
'' – (New South Wales, Victoria, Australia) *'' Elaeocarpus homalioides'' *''
Elaeocarpus hookerianus ''Elaeocarpus hookerianus'', commonly known as pokaka ( mi, pōkākā), is a native forest tree of New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses— ...
'' – (New Zealand) *'' Elaeocarpus hygrophilus'' – (Thailand) *'' Elaeocarpus inopinatus'' – (Borneo) *''
Elaeocarpus integrifolius ''Elaeocarpus integrifolius'' is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is found only in Mauritius. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest A forest is an area of land dominated by trees. Hundreds ...
'' – (Mauritius) *'' Elaeocarpus joga'' – (Mariana Islands, Palau) *''
Elaeocarpus kirtonii ''Elaeocarpus kirtonii'', commonly known as silver quandong, white quandong, brown hearted quandong, brownheart, mountain beech, Mowbullan whitewood, pigeonberry ash, white beech or whitewood, is species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocar ...
'' – silver quandong (New South Wales, Queensland) *'' Elaeocarpus lanceifolius'' – (Tropical Asia) *'' Elaeocarpus miriensis'' *'' Elaeocarpus montanus'' – (Sri Lanka) *'' Elaeocarpus moratii'' *''
Elaeocarpus munroi ''Elaeocarpus munroi'' is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family and is endemic to India. It was first formally described in 1838 by Robert Wight who gave it the name ''Monocera munroii'' in his book ''Illustrations of Indian B ...
'' *'' Elaeocarpus nanus'' *''
Elaeocarpus obovatus ''Elaeocarpus obovatus'', commonly known as hard quandong, blueberry ash, whitewood, grey carabeen, freckled oliveberry or gray carrobeen, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a ...
'' – (Australia) *'' Elaeocarpus obtusus'' *'' Elaeocarpus prunifolius'' *'' Elaeocarpus pseudopaniculatus'' *'' Elaeocarpus recurvatus'' *'' Elaeocarpus reticosus'' *''
Elaeocarpus reticulatus ''Elaeocarpus reticulatus'', commonly known as blueberry ash, ash quandong, blue olive berry, fairy petticoats, fringe tree, koda, lily of the valley tree and scrub ash, is species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae, and is endemi ...
'' – blueberry ash (eastern Australia) *'' Elaeocarpus royenii'' *''
Elaeocarpus rugosus ''Elaeocarpus rugosus'' is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It a tree is found in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduct ...
'' *'' Elaeocarpus sedentarius'' *''
Elaeocarpus serratus ''Elaeocarpus serratus'' is a tropical flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae. It is a medium to large tree, with white flowers. It has a disjunctive distribution, with the species occurring in Sri Lanka and southern India, and in Assa ...
'' – (South Asia) *'' Elaeocarpus simaluensis'' *''
Elaeocarpus stipularis ''Elaeocarpus stipularis'' is a tree in the Elaeocarpaceae family. It is found from the Aru Islands, eastern Indonesia, to Philippines, and through Mainland Southeast Asia to Odisha, India. It has edible fruit, its wood is used and some medical u ...
'' – (Indo-China, Malaysia) *''
Elaeocarpus subvillosus ''Elaeocarpus subvillosus'' is a species of flowering plant in the Elaeocarpaceae Elaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family contains approximately 615 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera."Elaeocarpaceae" In: Klaus Kubitz ...
'' – (Japan, Taiwan, China, Indochina). *'' Elaeocarpus sylvestris'' *'' Elaeocarpus symingtonii'' *'' Elaeocarpus taprobanicus'' – (Sri Lanka) *'' Elaeocarpus thorelii'' – (Cambodia) *'' Elaeocarpus venustus'' *''
Elaeocarpus williamsianus ''Elaeocarpus williamsianus'', commonly known as hairy quandong, is a species of flowering plant in the family Elaeocarpaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of north-eastern New South Wales. It is a small tree with lance-shaped leaves, race ...
'' – hairy quandong (New South Wales)


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q29128 Elaeocarpaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus