Economic miracle is an informal

economic An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the ...

term for a period of dramatic economic development that is entirely unexpected or unexpectedly strong. Economic miracles have occurred in the recent histories of a number of countries, often those undergoing an

economic boom An economic expansion is an increase in the level of economic activity, and of the goods and services available. It is a period of economic growth as measured by a rise in real GDP. The explanation of fluctuations in aggregate economic activit ...

, or described as a tiger economy.

Early modern period

* Dutch economic miracle of the 1600s ( Dutch Republic's economy in its Golden Age), often considered by many as the very first modern economic miracle.

Post-World War II

See

Post–World War II economic expansion The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom or the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a broad period of worldwide economic expansion beginning after World War II and ending with the 1973–1975 recession. The ...

. *

Four Asian Tigers The Four Asian Tigers (also known as the Four Asian Dragons or Four Little Dragons in Chinese and Korean) are the developed East Asian economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. Between the early 1960s and 1990s, they underwent ...

(South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore, c. 1960s–1990s) **

Miracle on the Han River The Miracle on the Han River refers to the period of rapid economic growth in South Korea, following the Korean War (1950–1953), during which South Korea transformed from a least developed country to a developed country. The rapid reconstru ...

(

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...

, c. 1962–1997) **

Taiwan Miracle The Taiwan Miracle () or Taiwan Economic Miracle refers to the rapid industrialization and economic growth of Taiwan during the latter half of the twentieth century. As it developed alongside Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong, Taiwan became ...

(1961–2000) * Swiss miracle (c. 1940s-2000s) *

Japanese economic miracle The Japanese economic miracle refers to Japan's record period of economic growth between the post-World War II era and the end of the Cold War. During the economic boom, Japan rapidly became the world's second-largest economy (after the Unit ...

(c. 1945–1990) *

Trente Glorieuses ''Les Trente Glorieuses'' (; 'The Glorious Thirty') was a thirty-year period of economic growth in France between 1945 and 1975, following the end of the Second World War. The name was first used by the French demographer Jean Fourastié, who ...

(France, c. 1945–1975) *

Record years The record years ( sv, Rekordåren) is a period in the economy of Sweden, dating from the international post–World War II economic expansion to the 1973 oil crisis, and largely coinciding with the mandates of prime ministers Tage Erlander and ...

(Sweden, c. 1947–1974) *''

Wirtschaftswunder The ''Wirtschaftswunder'' (, "economic miracle"), also known as the Miracle on the Rhine, was the rapid reconstruction and development of the economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II (adopting an ordoliberalism-based social ma ...

'' (West Germany and Austria, c. 1950s–1970s) * Mexican miracle (c. 1940s–1970s) (term not used by economists) * Belgian economic miracle (1945–1948) *

Greek economic miracle The Greek economic miracle describes a period of rapid and sustained economic growth in Greece from 1950 to 1973. At its height, the Greek economy grew by an average of 7.7 percent, second in the world only to Japan.Angus Maddison"Monitoring the Wo ...

(1950–1973) *

Italian economic miracle The Italian economic miracle or Italian economic boom ( it, il miracolo economico italiano) is the term used by historians, economists, and the mass media to designate the prolonged period of strong economic growth in Italy after the Second Worl ...

(c. 1950–1973) * Spanish miracle (1959–1974)

Later

Tiger Cub Economies The Tiger Cub Economies collectively refer to the economies of the developing countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, the five dominant countries in Southeast Asia. Overview The Tiger Cub Economies are so named b ...

(Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam, c. 2010s-present) ** Indonesian economic boom (1976–present) ** Malaysian miracle (1971–present) ** Philippine economic boom (1986–present) ** Thai economic boom (1980s–present) **

Đổi Mới (, ; ) is the name given to the economic reforms initiated in Vietnam in 1986 with the goal of creating a " socialist-oriented market economy". The term itself is a general term with wide use in the Vietnamese language meaning "innovate" or ...

(Vietnam, 1986–present) * Brazilian Miracle (1968–1973) *

Miracle of Chile The "Miracle of Chile" was a term used by economist Milton Friedman to describe the reorientation of the Chilean economy in the 1980s and the effects of the economic policies applied by a large group of Chilean economists who collectively came ...

(c. 1970s–2020) * Chinese economic boom (1978–present) *

Massachusetts Miracle The Massachusetts Miracle was a period of economic growth in Massachusetts during most of the 1980s. Before then, the state had been hit hard by deindustrialization and resulting unemployment. During the Miracle, the unemployment rate fell from ...

(1980s) *

Gulf Tiger The Gulf Tiger or Arab Gulf Tiger is a nickname used to describe the period of rapid economic growth in the city of Dubai. The boom that Dubai has been experiencing since the 1990s is still going on, transforming the city from a desert village to a ...

(Dubai city, c. 1990s–2008) *

Celtic Tiger The "Celtic Tiger" ( ga, An Tíogar Ceilteach) is a term referring to the economy of Ireland from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s, a period of rapid real economic growth fuelled by foreign direct investment. The boom was dampened by a subseque ...

(Ireland, c. 1995–2007) * Baltic Tigers (Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania, c. 2000–2007) *

Tatra Tiger "Tatra Tiger" is a nickname that refers to the economy of Slovakia in period 2002 – 2007, following the ascendance of a right-leaning coalition in September 2002 which engaged in a program of liberal economic reforms. The name "Tatra Tiger ...

(Slovakia, 2002–2007) * Turkish economic boom in 2000s (Turkey, c. 2000–2018) * Adriatic Tiger (Slovenia, 2004-2009) * Carpat Tiger (Romania, 1991-2009)

Early modern period

Post-World War II

Later

References

Further reading