Extrapulmonary restriction is a type of

restrictive lung disease Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenat ...

, indicated by decreased alveolar ventilation with accompanying

hypercapnia Hypercapnia (from the Greek ''hyper'' = "above" or "too much" and ''kapnos'' = "smoke"), also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood. Carbon dioxide is a gaseous pro ...

. It is characterized as an inhibition to the drive to breathe, or an ineffective restoration of the drive to breathe.McCance, K.L. & Huether, S.E. (2008). Understanding Pathophysiology, pgs. 488–491. Fourth Edition. St Louis: C.V. Mosby. Extrapulmonary restriction can be caused by central and

peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS consists of nerves and ganglia, which lie outside the brain ...

dysfunctions, over-sedation, or trauma (such as a broken rib).

References

Respiratory diseases {{respiratory-disease-stub