Expatriate Women's Footballers In Lebanon

An expatriate (often shortened to expat) is a person who resides outside their native country. In common usage, the term often refers to educated professionals, skilled workers, or artists taking positions outside their home country, either independently or sent abroad by their employers. However, the term 'expatriate' is also used for retirees and others who have chosen to live outside their native country. Historically, it has also referred to exiles.

Expatriates are immigrants or emigrants who maintain cultural ties such as the language of their country of origin.

Etymology

The word ''expatriate'' comes from the Latin terms '' ex'' ("out of") and ''patria'' ("native country, fatherland").

Semantics

Dictionary definitions for the current meaning of the word include:

:Expatriate:
:* 'A person who lives outside their native country' (Oxford), or
:* 'living in a foreign land' (Webster's).

These definitions contrast with those of other words with a similar meaning, such as:
: Migrant:
:* 'A person who moves from one place to another in order to find work or better living conditions' (Oxford), or
:* 'one that migrates: such as a: a person who moves regularly in order to find work especially in harvesting crops' (Webster's);
::::::or
:Immigrant
:* 'A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country' (Oxford), or
:* 'one that immigrates: such as a: a person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence (Webster's).

The varying use of these terms for different groups of foreigners can be seen as implying nuances about wealth, intended length of stay, perceived motives for moving, nationality, and even race. This has caused controversy, with some commentators asserting that the traditional use of the word "expat" has had racist connotations.

An older usage of the word ''expatriate'' referred to an exile. Alternatively, when used as a verbal noun, ''expatriation'' can mean the act of someone renouncing allegiance to their native country, as in the preamble to the United States Expatriation Act of 1868 which states: 'the right of expatriation is a natural and inherent right of all people, indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness'.

Some neologisms have been coined, including:
* ''dispatriate'', an expatriate who intentionally distances themselves from their nation of origin;
*''flexpatriate'', an employee who often travels internationally for business (see "Business expatriates" below);
* '' inpatriate'', an employee sent from a foreign subsidiary to work in the country where a company has its headquarters;
* ''rex-pat'', a repeat expatriate, often someone who has chosen to return to a foreign country after completing a work assignment;
* ''sexpat'', an expatriate with a goal for a short term or long term sexual relationships (expatriate + sex tourist).

The term "expatriate" is sometimes misspelled as "ex-patriot", which author Anu Garg has characterised as an example of an eggcorn.

History

Types of expat community

In the 19th century, travel became easier by way of steamship or train. People could more readily choose to live for several years in a foreign country, or be sent there by employers. The table below aims to show significant examples of expatriate communities which have developed since that time:

During the 1930s, Nazi Germany revoked the citizenship of many opponents, such as Albert Einstein, Oskar Maria Graf, Willy Brandt and Thomas Mann, often expatriating entire families.

Students who study in another country may or may not be referred to as expatriates.

Worldwide distribution of expats

In 2002, terrorist attacks against Westerners at times curtailed the party lifestyle of some expatriate communities, especially in the Middle East.

The number of expatriates in the world is difficult to determine, since there is no governmental census. Market research companyF inaccord estimated the number to be 66.2 million in 2017.

In 2013, the United Nations estimated that 232 million people, or 3.2% of the world population, lived outside their home country.

As of 2019, according to the United Nations, the number of international migrants globally reached an estimated 272 million, or 3.5% of the world population.

Business expatriates

Some multinational corporations send employees to foreign countries to work in branch offices or subsidiaries. Expatriate employees allow a parent company to more closely control its foreign subsidiaries. They can also improve global coordination.

A 2007 study found the key drivers for expatriates to pursue international careers were: breadth of responsibilities, nature of the international environment (risk and challenge), high levels of autonomy of international posts, and cultural differences (rethinking old ways).

However, expatriate professionals and independent expatriate hires are often more expensive than local employees. Expatriate salaries are usually augmented with allowances to compensate for a higher cost of living or hardships associated with a foreign posting. Other expenses may need to be paid, such as health care, housing, or fees at an international school. There is also the cost of moving a family and their belongings. Another problem can be government restrictions in the foreign country.

Spouses may have trouble adjusting due to culture shock, loss of their usual social network, interruptions to their own career, and helping children cope with a new school. These are chief reasons given for foreign assignments ending early. However, a spouse can also act as a source of support for an expatriate professional. Families with children help to bridge the language and culture aspect of the host and home country, while the spouse plays a critical role in balancing the families integration into the culture. Some corporations have begun to include spouses earlier when making