''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies.

Description

''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees and

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s. The flowers have a slender corolla tube with recurved corolla lobes. The stamens are inserted near the base of the corolla tube and exserted well beyond its mouth. The

anther The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

s are long and basifixed.

Systematics

The type species for the genus is ''

Exostema caribaeum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees and ...

''. It is a tree of Central America and the

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

. Its lumber is of limited use. ''Exostema'' was first named by

Christiaan Hendrik Persoon Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1 February 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a German mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy. Early life Persoon was born in South Africa at the Cape of Good Hope, the third child of an immig ...

as a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

of ''

Cinchona ''Cinchona'' (pronounced or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. All are native to the Tropical Andes, tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are ...

''.Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. 1805. ''Synopsis plantarum,seu Enchiridium botanicum, complectens enumerationem systematicam specierum hucusque cognitarum /curante''. 1:196. It was first validly published as a genus by Aimé Bonpland in 1807.Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland. 1807. ''Plantes équinoxiales recueillies au Mexique :dans l'île de Cuba, dans les provinces de Caracas, de Cumana et de Barcelone, aux Andes de la Nouvelle Grenade, de Quito et du Pérou, et sur les bords du rio-Negro de Orénoque et de la rivière des Amazones''. 1:131. F. Schoell: Paris, France. The generic name is

derived Derive may refer to: * Derive (computer algebra system), a commercial system made by Texas Instruments * ''Dérive'' (magazine), an Austrian science magazine on urbanism *Dérive, a psychogeographical concept See also * *Derivation (disambiguatio ...

from the Ancient Greek words, ''exo'', meaning "outside", and ''stema'', "stamen". ''Exostema'' is probably polyphyletic.

Species

*'' Exostema acuminatum''

Urb. Ignatz Urban (7 January 1848 – 7 January 1931) was a German botanist. He is known for his contributions to the flora of the Caribbean and Brazil, and for his work as curator of the Berlin Botanical Garden. Born the son of a brewer, Urban s ...

*''

Exostema angustifolium ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' (

Sw. Olof Peter Swartz (21 September 1760 – 19 September 1818) was a Swedish botanist and taxonomist. He is best known for his taxonomic work and studies into pteridophytes. Biography Olof Swartz attended the University of Uppsala where he st ...

)

Schult. Josef (Joseph) August Schultes (15 April 1773 in Vienna – 21 April 1831 in Landshut) was an Austrian botanist and professor from Vienna. Together with Johann Jacob Roemer (1763–1819), he published the 16th edition of Linnaeus' ''Systema ...

*'' Exostema bicolor'' Poepp. *''

Exostema brachycarpum ''Solenandra brachycarpa'', synonym ''Exostema brachycarpum'', is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-la ...

'' (

)

*''

'' (

Jacq. Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin (16 February 172726 October 1817) was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany. Biography Born in Leiden in the Netherlands, he studied medicine at Leiden University, then moved first to Par ...

)

*''

Exostema cordatum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

Borhidi Borhidi Attila (born 28 June 1932), is a Széchenyi Prize winning Hungarian botanist, ecologist, professor, politician and full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He is most noted for his extensive work on plant taxonomy. 1989 to 1992, ...

& M.Fernandez *''

Exostema coriaceum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' (

Poir. Jean Louis Marie Poiret (11 June 1755 in Saint-Quentin7 April 1834 in Paris) was a French clergyman, botanist, and explorer. From 1785 to 1786, he was sent by Louis XVI to Algeria to study the flora. After the French Revolution, he became a ...

)

*''

Exostema corymbosum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' (

Ruiz The Spanish surname Ruiz originates from the Germanic personal name " Hrodric" which is composed of the elements "Hrōd", meaning "renown", and "rīc", meaning "power(ful)", thus "famous ruler". Ruiz is a patronymic from the personal name Ruy, a sh ...

& Pav.)

Spreng. Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (3 August 1766 – 15 March 1833) was a German botanist and physician who published an influential multivolume history of medicine, ''Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde'' (1792–99 in four vo ...

*''

Exostema curbeloi ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

& M.Fernandez *'' Exostema ellipticum''

Griseb. August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach () was a German botany, botanist and phytogeography, phytogeographer. He was born in Hannover on 17 April 1814 and died in Göttingen on 9 May 1879. Biography Grisebach studied at the Lyceum in Hanover, the clo ...

*''

Exostema glaberrimum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

& M.Fernandez *''

Exostema lancifolium ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

& Acuna *'' Exostema lineatum'' ( Vahl)

*''

Exostema longiflorum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' (Lamb.)

*''

Exostema maynense ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' Poepp. *''

Exostema mexicanum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical t ...

A.Gray Asa Gray (November 18, 1810 – January 30, 1888) is considered the most important American botanist of the 19th century. His '' Darwiniana'' was considered an important explanation of how religion and science were not necessarily mutually exc ...

*''

Exostema microcarpum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

& M.Fernandez *''

Exostema myrtifolium ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, Endemism, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a ge ...

*''

Exostema nites ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

*''

Exostema orbiculatum ''Erithalis orbiculata'', synonym ''Exostema orbiculatum'', is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-large ...

'' Proctor *'' Exostema parviflorum''

A.Rich. Achille Richard was a French botanist, botanical illustrator and physician (27 April 1794 in Paris – 5 October 1852). Biography Achille was the son of the botanist Louis-Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821). He was a pharmacist in the Frenc ...

Humb. Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, p ...

& Bonpl. *'' Exostema pervestitum''

& M.Fernandez *'' Exostema polyphyllum''

& Ekman *''

Exostema pulverulentum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical t ...

*'' Exostema purpureum''

*''

Exostema rotundatum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

*'' Exostema salicifolium''

*''

Exostema sanctae-luciae ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' (Kentisch) Britten *''

Exostema selleanum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

*''

Exostema spinosum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' (Le Vavass.) Krug &

*''

Exostema stenophyllum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

'' Britton *'' Exostema triflorum'' ( W.Wright)

G.Don George Don (29 April 1798 – 25 February 1856) was a Scottish botanist and plant collector. Life and career George Don was born at Doo Hillock, Forfar, Angus, Scotland on 29 April 1798 to Caroline Clementina Stuart and George Don (b.1756), p ...

*''

Exostema valenzuelae ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

*''

Exostema velutinum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees a ...

Standl. Paul Carpenter Standley (March 21, 1884 – June 2, 1963) was an American botanist known for his work on neotropical plants. __TOC__ Standley was born on March 21, 1884 in Avalon, Missouri. He attended Drury College in Springfield, Missouri an ...

References

External links

''Exostema''
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World Checklist of Selected Plant Families''Exostema''
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Index Nominum Genericorum''Exostema''
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Biodiversity Heritage Library''Exostema''
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IPNI''Exostema''
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GRIN taxonomy for plants''Exostema''
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UniProt
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5420696 Rubiaceae genera Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland Taxa named by Alexander von Humboldt Taxonomy articles created by Polbot