''Exophiala'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

anamorphic Anamorphic format is the cinematography technique of shooting a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio. It also refers to the projection format in which a distorted ...

fungi A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...

in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung' or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a disease that can be contracted by

woodwind instrument Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments. Common examples include flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, and saxophone. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and Reed ...

alists (saxophonists, clarinettists, oboists, etc.). A case study presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology highlighted that it is possible to develop this allergic pulmonary disease through improper cleaning of instruments. '' Exophiala werneckii'' is the organism responsible for

tinea nigra Tinea nigra, also known as superficial phaeohyphomycosis and Tinea nigra palmaris et plantaris, is a superficial fungal infection, a type of phaeohyphomycosis rather than a tinea, that causes usually a single 1–5 cm dark brown-black, non ...

. Some sources equate ''Hortaea werneckii'', ''Cladosporium werneckii'', ''Exophiala werneckii'', and ''Phaeoannellomyces werneckii''. ''

Exophiala jeanselmei ''Exophiala jeanselmei'' is a saprotrophic fungus in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. Four varieties have been discovered: ''Exophiala jeanselmei'' var. ''heteromorpha'', ''E. jeanselmei'' var. ''lecanii-corni'', ''E. jeanselmei'' var. ...

'' causes maduromycosis. This is usually an asymptomatic disease which presents with black or brown macular lesions which enlarge by peripheral extension. The lesion is darkest at the periphery and has very distinct margins. Lab diagnosis- using a KOH mount. Typically seen is brown septate branching hyphae or dark brown budding cells. Treatment is topical antifungal:

miconazole Miconazole, sold under the brand name Monistat among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat ring worm, pityriasis versicolor, and yeast infections of the skin or vagina. It is used for ring worm of the body, groin (jock itch), and ...

econazole Econazole is an antifungal medication of the imidazole class. It was patented in 1968, and approved for medical use in 1974. Medical uses Econazole is used as a cream to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, tinea, pityriasis versicol ...

Species

*''

Exophiala alcalophila ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *''

Exophiala angulospora ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *'' Exophiala attenuata'' *'' Exophiala calicioides'' *'' Exophiala castellanii'' *''

Exophiala dermatitidis ''Exophiala dermatitidis'' is a thermophilic black yeast, and a member of the Herpotrichiellaceae. While the species is only found at low abundance in nature, metabolically active strains are commonly isolated in saunas, steam baths, and dish wa ...

'' *'' Exophiala dopicola'' *'' Exophiala exophialae'' *'' Exophiala heteromorpha'' *'' Exophiala hongkongensis'' *''

'' *'' Exophiala lecanii-corni'' *'' Exophiala mansonii'' *'' Exophiala mesophila'' *''

Exophiala moniliae ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *''

Exophiala negronii ''Exophiala'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The widespread genus contains 28 species. The genus was formally described by J. W. Carmichael in 1966. ''Exophiala'' has been implicated in causing 'saxophone lung ...

'' *'' Exophiala phaeomuriformis'' *'' Exophiala pisciphila'' *'' Exophiala psychrophila'' *'' Exophiala salmonis'' *'' Exophiala spinifera'' *'' Exophiala werneckii''

References

Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Eurotiomycetes genera Taxa described in 1966 Eurotiomycetes {{plant-disease-stub