Yevgeny Yefimovich Chertovsky (russian: Евгений Ефимович Чертовский; born February 15, 1902 - died 1961) was a
Soviet
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
inventor
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition, idea or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process for increasing efficiency or lowering cost. It may also be an entirely new concept. If an ...
who designed the first full
pressure suit
A pressure suit is a protective suit worn by high-altitude pilots who may fly at altitudes where the air pressure is too low for an unprotected person to survive, even breathing pure oxygen at positive pressure. Such suits may be either full-pr ...
in
Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
in 1931.
Chertovsky, an engineer at the Aviation Medicine Institute, was involved in the early Soviet
stratospheric balloon
A balloon is a flexible bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and air. For special tasks, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light so ...
program, and co-designed the ill-fated ''
Osoaviakhim-1
Osoaviakhim-1 was a Highest manned balloon flight, record-setting, hydrogen-filled Soviet Union, Soviet high-altitude balloon, high-altitude Balloon (aircraft), balloon designed to seat a crew of three and perform scientific studies of the Earth's ...
''. The first aircraft designed for crew wearing Chertovsky's pressure suits could have been a gigantic (300,000 cubic meters) ''
USSR-3'' balloon that burnt down on launch pad in September 1935.
[Druzhinin]
The CH-1 was a simple pressure-tight suit with helmet which did not have joints, thus requiring substantial force to move the arms and legs when pressurised. This was remedied in CH-2 (1932–1935) and later suits, up to the 1940 CH-7.
[Abramov, p. 5] CH-3 was the first operational suit that allowed the pilot sufficient freedom of movement, first tested in flight in 1937 at a 12 kilometer altitude.
[Alekseev, pp.3–6]
Chertovsky coined the term "skafander" for full pressure suits; from the Greek words ''skaf'' ("boat", "ship") and ''andros'' ("man"); ''skafandr'' has since become the term used by Russians to refer to standard
diving dresses or
space suits
A space suit or spacesuit is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer space, vacuum and temperature extremes. Space suits are often worn inside spacecraft as a safety precaution in case of loss of cabin pressure, ...
.
Notes
References
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External links
Vita Germetika: A Brief History of Creating and Development Soviet-Russian space suits
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chertovsky, Yevgeny
Soviet engineers
1902 births
Year of death missing
Date of death unknown
Soviet inventors
1961 deaths