Everso II degli Anguillara (died September 4, 1464) was an Italian

condottiero ''Condottieri'' (; singular ''condottiero'' or ''condottiere'') were Italian captains in command of mercenary companies during the Middle Ages and of multinational armies during the early modern period. They notably served popes and other Europe ...

, a member of the

Anguillara family Anguillara were a baronial family of Latium, especially powerful in Rome and in the current province of Viterbo during the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance. The Anguillara were of Norman descent. They most likely took, or gave, their name fro ...

. He was born in the late 14th century, the son of Dolce I and Battista

Orsini Orsini is a surname of Italian origin, originally derived from Latin ''ursinus'' ("bearlike") and originating as an epithet or sobriquet describing the name-bearer's purported strength. Notable people with the surname include the following: *Angel ...

, and in the early 15th century inherited large possessions in the northern

Latium Latium ( , ; ) is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire. Definition Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil (Old Latium) on whi ...

. In 1431 he entered the service of Pope

Eugene IV Pope Eugene IV ( la, Eugenius IV; it, Eugenio IV; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 3 March 1431 to his death in February 1447. Condulmer was a Venetian, and ...

, warring against the

Colonna The House of Colonna, also known as ''Sciarrillo'' or ''Sciarra'', is an Italian noble family, forming part of the papal nobility. It was powerful in medieval and Renaissance Rome, supplying one pope (Martin V) and many other church and politica ...

. He was a fierce enemy of the

Prefetti di Vico The Prefetti di Vico were an Italian noble family, of German origin, who established themselves in Rome from the 10th century. They obtained the title of ''praefect urbis'' (prefect of the city) by the Holy Roman Emperor. The rest of the name d ...

. In 1433 he fought against the troops of

Niccolò Piccinino Niccolò Piccinino (1386 – 15 October 1444) was an Italian condottiero. Biography He was born in Perugia, the son of a butcher. Piccinino was introduced in the guild of Perugia's butchers. He was later scornfully called "son of a butcher" by ...

and, the next year, against

Francesco I Sforza Francesco I Sforza (; 23 July 1401 – 8 March 1466) was an Italian condottiero who founded the Sforza dynasty in the duchy of Milan, ruling as its (fourth) duke from 1450 until his death. In the 1420s, he participated in the War of L' ...

. Later, with the help of

Giovanni Vitelleschi Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi (1396 – 2 April 1440) was an Italian cardinal and condottiere. Biography Vitelleschi was born in Corneto (modern Tarquinia, then part of the Papal States), some kilometers north to Rome. He received a military educ ...

, he managed to destroy forever the power of the Prefetti di Vico in northern Latium. After a failed attempt to free Vitelleschi, who was prisoner at

Castel Sant'Angelo The Mausoleum of Hadrian, usually known as Castel Sant'Angelo (; English: ''Castle of the Holy Angel''), is a towering cylindrical building in Parco Adriano, Rome, Italy. It was initially commissioned by the Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausol ...

(1440), he was hired by Cardinal Ludovico Scarampi, for whom Everso fought Piccinino and

Alfonso V of Aragon Alfonso the Magnanimous (139627 June 1458) was King of Aragon and King of Sicily (as Alfonso V) and the ruler of the Crown of Aragon from 1416 and King of Naples (as Alfonso I) from 1442 until his death. He was involved with struggles to the t ...

. During the struggle between the Papal States and Sforza, he sided with the former. In 1448 he besieged

Piombino Piombino is an Italian town and ''comune'' of about 35,000 inhabitants in the province of Livorno (Tuscany). It lies on the border between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea, in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma. Ove ...

, helping

Rinaldo Orsini Rinaldo Orsini (died 1450) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Orsini family. He was the son of Jacopo Orsini. In 1426 he fought for the Pope against the Colonna family. In 1442 he was hired by the Republic of Siena, and in 1445 he beca ...

, who was attacked by the Aragonese. The latter, anyway, hired him four years later to fight the Papal troops in the

Marche Marche ( , ) is one of the twenty regions of Italy. In English, the region is sometimes referred to as The Marches ( ). The region is located in the central area of the country, bordered by Emilia-Romagna and the republic of San Marino to the ...

, Everso being

excommunicate Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to end or at least regulate the communion of a member of a congregation with other members of the religious institution who are in normal communion with each other. The purpose ...

d by Pope

Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V ( la, Nicholaus V; it, Niccolò V; 13 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene made ...

. Later, during the reign of

Calixtus III Pope Callixtus III ( it, Callisto III, va, Calixt III, es, Calixto III; 31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfonso de Borgia ( va, Alfons de Borja), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his ...

, he was in conflict with Napoleone Orsini, the two being pacified by the new pope

Pius II Pope Pius II ( la, Pius PP. II, it, Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini ( la, Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus, links=no; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 August ...

. However, when the pope contested with him the possession of Vico, he sided with Piccinino and conquered

Assisi Assisi (, also , ; from la, Asisium) is a town and ''comune'' of Italy in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Monte Subasio. It is generally regarded as the birthplace of the Latin poet Propertius, born aroun ...

Nocera Umbra Nocera Umbra is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Perugia, Italy, 15 kilometers north of Foligno, at an altitude of 520 m above sea-level. The ''comune'', covering an area of 157.19 km², is one of the largest in Umbria. History Ancie ...

and

Viterbo Viterbo (; Viterbese: ; lat-med, Viterbium) is a city and ''comune'' in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It conquered and absorbed the neighboring town of Ferento (see Ferentium) in its early history. ...

. He also planned to capture Rome itself during Pius' sojourn in

Siena Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuri ...

. In 1461 Everso planned to kill the Pope, but in vain. He died in his lands in 1464.

Bibliography

* AA. VV., Anguillara Sabazia and surroundings. Walking through history and nature, Municipality of Anguillara Sabazia 2008. *Teodoro Amayden, History of Roman families, Forni, Bologna 1979. * Feliciano Bussi, Istoria of the city of Viterbo, Bernabò, Rome-Viterbo 1742. * Ignazio Ciampi, Chronicles and Statutes of the City of Viterbo, Forni, Bologna 1872. * Edoardo Fumagalli, Sforza documents on Everso dell'Anguillara and his sons, in: Vita e Pensiero, year 60, fasc. 2, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 1986. * Umberto Gnoli, La famille et le Palais des Anguillara in Rome, Impr. Social Cooperatives, Paris 1901. * Maria Antonietta Lozzi Bonaventura, Abbeys, woods and castles, vol. 1, Iter, Subiaco 1990. * Carlo Camillo Massimo, La torre degli Anguillara, Rome 1847. * Luigi Ranghiasci, historical Memories of the city of Nepi and its surroundings, Todi 1845. * Vittorina Sora, The Counts of Anguillara from their origin to 1465 , in: Archive of the Roman Society of Homeland History XXX, Rome 1906. {{DEFAULTSORT:Anguillara, Everso 14th-century births 1464 deaths 15th-century condottieri People temporarily excommunicated by the Catholic Church