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Eva Ann Frommer (6 September 1927 – 8 August 2004) was a German-born British consultant child psychiatrist, working at St Thomas' Hospital in South London. Her specialism was to apply the arts and
eurythmy Eurythmy is an expressive movement art originated by Rudolf Steiner in conjunction with his wife, Marie, in the early 20th century. Primarily a performance art, it is also used in education, especially in Waldorf schools, and – as pa ...
to the treatment of pre-school child patients, inspired by the work of the Austrian
anthroposophist Anthroposophy is a spiritualist movement founded in the early 20th century by the esotericist Rudolf Steiner that postulates the existence of an objective, intellectually comprehensible spiritual world, accessible to human experience. Followers ...
,
Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 or 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as ...
. Early in her career she attracted criticism through association with her senior colleague, the controversial psychiatrist
William Sargant William Walters Sargant (24 April 1907 – 27 August 1988) was a British psychiatrist who is remembered for the evangelical zeal with which he promoted treatments such as psychosurgery, deep sleep treatment, electroconvulsive therapy and insu ...
, whom she followed for a time in the application of sleep therapy and antidepressant prescription to children. As a child, she became part of the Jewish exodus fleeing from persecution in
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
. Frommer was a great promoter of the arts for children and was modestly a philanthropist.


Biography

Frommer was born in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
into a highly cultured German-Polish-Jewish family, the elder of two children. Her father, Leopold (1894–1943), was a research scientist and friend of the crystallographer and philosopher, Rudolf Steiner. He is the author of a standard textbook on chemical engineering still in use. Her mother, Jadwiga, was a professional violinist and came from the Polish Diamant family. It is possible that Frommer's date of birth was altered to make her two or three years younger, to facilitate the family's move to England in 1934, since she maintained she had sat on Steiner's knee as a baby and Steiner died in 1925. Once settled in London, she and her brother attended the Steiner-inspired New School in Streatham, South London, which later moved to Sussex and became known as Michael Hall. Both children had inherited their mother's musical talent, but Eva chose to study medicine, while her brother, Michael, dedicated himself to music.


Career

After graduating from the Royal Free Hospital in 1952, she obtained a diploma in Child Health (DCH) with a view to becoming a paediatrician. However, she pursued a different specialism at the celebrated
Maudsley Hospital The Maudsley Hospital is a British psychiatric hospital in south London. The Maudsley is the largest mental health training institution in the UK. It is part of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and works in partnership with the ...
gaining her DPM in 1962. After a spell working in
Sutton Sutton (''south settlement'' or ''south town'' in Old English) may refer to: Places United Kingdom England In alphabetical order by county: * Sutton, Bedfordshire * Sutton, Berkshire, a location * Sutton-in-the-Isle, Ely, Cambridgeshire * ...
in Surrey, she was appointed consultant child psychiatrist at St Thomas' Hospital in London where, for a time, she collaborated with the controversial psychiatrist, William Sargant, applying some of his treatments in modified form to child patients. She also contributed to one of his publications. This gained her a level of notoriety that she never quite lived down. She became a Foundation Member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in 1972 and a Fellow in 1982.Subotsky, Fiona. (2005) 'Eva Frommer, Former Consultant in Child Psychiatry at St Thomas' Hospital, London.' Obituary: Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists

Retrieved 20 December 2016
At St Thomas' along with running the out-patient clinic for children, she conducted research and gathered around her a multidisciplinary group of practitioners. Frommer was one of the earliest in the field to identify childhood depression. Part of it she believed was due to parental experiences of separation from their own parents. When she was practising, many World War II evacuees had become parents and their children were displaying the disturbances Frommer had discovered. In some cases, she prescribed newly developed antidepressant medications in very small doses. This was a controversial approach that attracted both international interest and local criticism from some colleagues. Another innovation was to establish formal links with the burgeoning Art Therapy movement. Frommer offered internships in her department to art therapy students from the original St Alban's School of Art course, followed by students from other London courses. As part of her repertoire of treatments, she developed the hospital's children's out-post in Black Prince Road, about half a mile from the main hospital, as a treatment centre, headed by a senior nurse, Mrs Mary Reid.


The Children's Day Hospital

Frommer's view was that children needed to acquire the skills of understanding and self-expression according to an age-appropriate adjustment to the outside world, to stand a chance of avoiding depression or falling into antisocial behaviours. Her treatment model consisted of exposing her pre-school patients to colour, sound, eurythmy, story-telling and plays. The treatment was predicated on
Rudolf Steiner Rudolf Joseph Lorenz Steiner (27 or 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian occultist, social reformer, architect, esotericist, and claimed clairvoyant. Steiner gained initial recognition at the end of the nineteenth century as ...
's educational system. There was an emphasis on staff training and special retreat days with invited guest facilitators, such as the Royal Shakespeare Company's voice-coach,
Cicely Berry Cicely Frances Berry (17 May 1926 – 15 October 2018) was a British theatre director and vocal coach. Berry trained under Elsie Fogerty at the Central School of Speech and Drama, then based at the Royal Albert Hall, London. She was the voice ...
, who was a friend of Frommer's. The institution attracted wide interest including from abroad. For instance, Professor Kemal Çakmakli, MD has applied Day Hospital techniques in Turkey.


Later years

Frommer was an avid theatre-goer and lover and supporter of opera. She was a well-known figure at both of London's opera houses and was for many years a Friend of the
Royal Opera House The Royal Opera House (ROH) is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden, central London. The large building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden, after a previous use of the site. It is the home of The Royal Ope ...
. She was active in the charity sector, making links with City Livery companies to benefit her patients. She became Chairman of the Cicely Northcote Trust for a number of years. Frommer travelled widely and gave numerous papers at international conferences. She also travelled for pleasure. It was after the strain of a trip to China in the mid-1980s, that she returned to England, to face a diagnosis of non-kinetic
Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms usually emerge slowly, and as the disease worsens, non-motor symptoms becom ...
and an auto-immune condition. In spite of these afflictions, she carried on with her clinics and Steiner Study groups until 1989, when she retired to Sussex, where her mother had had a home. The Children's Day Hospital was closed in 1990. Eva Frommer died, aged 77, at Michael Hall, a Steiner community and school in
Forest Row Forest Row is a village and a large civil parish in the Wealden District of East Sussex, England. The village is located three miles (5 km) south-east of East Grinstead. History The village draws its name from its proximity to the Ashdow ...
, England.


Legacy

Eva Frommer was one of the earliest practitioners to establish an out-patient therapeutic milieu for very young children and their parents, especially, but not only, those from deprived backgrounds. She not only afforded them exposure to the arts, but she invited students and members of the art establishment to contribute to that milieu. The arts in health settings have become commonplace. A successful businessman in antiquities has paid express tribute to her. Outside the clinical field, Frommer intended that Steiner's writings become better known in English-speaking countries, and for that purpose she left a sum of money to Steiner Books to enable them to translate and publish all of his works, a task she had started but was prevented from completing in her lifetime.Rudolf Steiner Press.co

Retrieved 25 December 2016


Publications

Her publications include: * ''Voyage through Childhood into the Adult World – A Guide to Child Development'', London: Pergamon. 1969. * ''Diagnosis and Treatment in Clinical Child Psychiatry'', London: Heinemann Educational Books. 1972. * Frommer, Eva, and O'Shea, Gillian. 'The Importance of Childhood Experience in relation to Problems of Marriage and Family-Building', ''The British Journal of Psychiatry'', Aug 1973, 123 (573) 157–160; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.123.2.157


References


External links


The Christian Community in the UK and Ireland
also with introductory articles * Cicely Northcote Trus

* British association of Art Therapists

{{DEFAULTSORT:Frommer, Eva 1927 births 2004 deaths People from Berlin Alumni of the London School of Medicine for Women Alumni of the University of London Anthroposophists Art therapy British women medical doctors British child psychiatrists British women psychiatrists British psychologists British spiritual writers Child psychiatrists Fellows of the Royal College of Psychiatrists Fellows of the Royal Society German emigrants to England German people of Polish-Jewish descent Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom Transdisciplinarity 20th-century British medical doctors 20th-century British translators 20th-century psychologists 20th-century women physicians People from Forest Row