Eva L'vovna Gordon Broido (7 November 1876 – 15 September 1941) was a Russian revolutionary and educationalist. In 1917 she was, Secretary of the Central Committee of the

Menshevik Party The Mensheviks (russian: меньшевики́, from меньшинство 'minority') were one of the three dominant factions in the Russian socialist movement, the others being the Bolsheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries. The factions em ...

Life

Eva L'vovna was born in

Švenčionys Švenčionys (, known also by several alternative names) is a town located north of Vilnius in Lithuania. It is the capital of the Švenčionys district municipality. , it had population of 4,065 of which about 17% is part of the Polish minority ...

on 7 November 1876, the daughter of a timber merchant. She trained as a pharmacist. In 1895 and 1896 she travelled to

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...

, coming to know

Social Democrats Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote so ...

there. From 1896 to 1898 she was married to a Mr. Gordon, with whom she had two children. In 1899 she moved to

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

and joined the Social Democratic movement there. She translated

August Bebel Ferdinand August Bebel (22 February 1840 – 13 August 1913) was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator. He is best remembered as one of the founders of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP) in 1869, which in 1875 mer ...

's ''Women and Socialism'' into

Russian Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: *Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...

in 1899–1900, and was a leading member of the illegal Social Democratic Worker's Library, publishing the leaflets of a faction known as the Socialist Group. She married Mark Broido in 1902, having a son and two daughters with him. She taught

Mikhail Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (russian: link=no, Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин ; 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik revolutionary. He served as head of s ...

how to read and write. He went on to become the

President of the Soviet Union The president of the Soviet Union (russian: Президент Советского Союза, Prezident Sovetskogo Soyuza), officially the president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (), abbreviated as president of the USSR (), was ...

. She was exiled to

Siberia Siberia ( ; rus, Сибирь, r=Sibir', p=sʲɪˈbʲirʲ, a=Ru-Сибирь.ogg) is an extensive geographical region, constituting all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. It has been a part of ...

from 1914 to 1917, taking two of her youngest children with her.Emily Glentworth
Growing Up in Shadow of Revolution
''The Moscow Times'', 14 November 1998. Sentenced to death by military tribunal in 1940, she was shot in September 1941. Posthumously rehabilitated.

Works

* ''Memoirs of a Revolutionary'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. (Ed. and transl. by

Vera Broido Vera Broido (1907–2004) was a Russian-born writer and a chronicler of the Russian Revolution, as one who grew up through it and lost her mother to its aftermath. Life Vera Broido was born in St Petersburg in 1907, the daughter of two Russia ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Broido, Eva 1876 births 1941 deaths People from Švenčionys People from Vilna Governorate Lithuanian Jews Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Mensheviks Jews executed by the Soviet Union Jewish socialists Soviet rehabilitations