The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the
various common definitions of
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
, geographical or political. Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and seven largely unrecognised
''de facto'' states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European organisations. There are eight entities that are not integral parts of a European state or have special political arrangements.
Boundary of Europe
Geographical
Under the commonly used geographic definition, the
boundary between the continents of Asia and Europe stretches along the
Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains ( ; rus, Ура́льские го́ры, r=Uralskiye gory, p=ʊˈralʲskʲɪjə ˈɡorɨ; ba, Урал тауҙары) or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western ...
, the
Ural River
The Ural (russian: Урал, ), known before 1775 as Yaik (russian: Яик, ba, Яйыҡ, translit=Yayıq, ; kk, Жайық, translit=Jaiyq, ), is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan in the continental border between Europe and Asia ...
, and the
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia; east of the Caucasus, west of the broad steppe of Central Asia ...
in the east, the
Greater Caucasus
The Greater Caucasus ( az, Böyük Qafqaz, Бөјүк Гафгаз, بيوک قافقاز; ka, დიდი კავკასიონი, ''Didi K’avk’asioni''; russian: Большой Кавказ, ''Bolshoy Kavkaz'', sometimes translat ...
range, and the
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...
with its outlets, the
Bosporus
The Bosporus Strait (; grc, Βόσπορος ; tr, İstanbul Boğazı 'Istanbul strait', colloquially ''Boğaz'') or Bosphorus Strait is a natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in Istanbul in northwestern Tu ...
and the
Dardanelles
The Dardanelles (; tr, Çanakkale Boğazı, lit=Strait of Çanakkale, el, Δαρδανέλλια, translit=Dardanéllia), also known as the Strait of Gallipoli from the Gallipoli peninsula or from Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont (; ...
, in the south.
Based on such a commonly used division of the continents, the
transcontinental countries of
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
,
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
,
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
, and
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
have territory in both Asia and Europe.
The island of
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...
in
Western Asia
Western Asia, West Asia, or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost subregion of the larger geographical region of Asia, as defined by some academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Ana ...
is close to
Anatolia
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...
(or Asia Minor) but is often considered to be a part of Europe and is a current member of the
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been de ...
. Like Cyprus,
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ' ...
is also entirely in Western Asia but is a member of several European organisations.
Although the Mediterranean Sea provides a clearer divide between Africa and Europe, some traditionally European islands such as
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
,
Pantelleria
Pantelleria (; Sicilian: ''Pantiddirìa'', Maltese: ''Pantellerija'' or ''Qawsra''), the ancient Cossyra or Cossura, is an Italian island and comune in the Strait of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea, southwest of Sicily and east of the Tunisi ...
, the
Pelagie Islands
The Pelagie Islands ( it, Isole Pelagie; scn, Ìsuli Pilaggî), from the Greek , meaning "open sea", are the three small islands of Lampedusa, Lampione, and Linosa, located in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunisia, south of Sicily. ...
, and
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
are actually located on the
African Plate
The African Plate is a major tectonic plate that includes much of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south. It is bounded by the North American Plate and South American Plate ...
. The island of
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
is part of the
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge (a divergent or constructive plate boundary) located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic, the ridge separates the North ...
, straddling the
Eurasian Plate
The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia), with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent and ...
and the
North American Plate
The North American Plate is a tectonic plate covering most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores. With an area of , it is the Earth's second largest tectonic plate, behind the Pacif ...
.
Some territories which are geographically outside of Europe have strong connections with European states.
Greenland
Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland i ...
, for example, has socio-political connections with Europe and is part of the
Kingdom of Denmark but is located closer to the continent of North America and is usually grouped with that continent.
Other territories are part of European countries but are geographically located on other continents, such as the
French overseas regions, the Spanish
autonomous cities of
Ceuta
Ceuta (, , ; ar, سَبْتَة, Sabtah) is a Spanish autonomous city on the north coast of Africa.
Bordered by Morocco, it lies along the boundary between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of several Spanish territorie ...
and
Melilla on the coast of Africa, and the Dutch
BES islands
)
, image_map = BES islands location map.svg
, map_caption = Location of the Caribbean Netherlands (green and circled). From left to right: Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius
, elevation_max_m = 887
, elevation_max_footnotes =
, demographic ...
of
Bonaire,
Sint Eustatius, and
Saba Saba may refer to:
Places
* Saba (island), an island of the Netherlands located in the Caribbean Sea
* Şaba (Romanian for Shabo), a town of the Odesa Oblast, Ukraine
* Sabá, a municipality in the department of Colón, Honduras
* Saba (river), ...
in the
Caribbean.
Political
The political boundaries of Europe vary with the definition of Europe that is used by different political organizations. For instance, the
Council of Europe and the
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that ...
include 47 countries in their definition of Europe. The
European Higher Education Area
The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was launched in March 2010, during the Budapest-Vienna Ministerial Conference, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Bologna Process.
As the main objective of the Bologna Process since its ince ...
includes 48 countries, and the
European Cultural Convention
The European Cultural Convention is an international Council of Europe's treaty to strengthen, deepen and further develop a European culture, by using local culture as a starting point. Setting common goals and a plan of action to reach an in ...
and the
European Olympic Committees
The European Olympic Committees is an organisation based in Rome, Italy, consisting of 50 National Olympic Committees from the continent of Europe.EOC members include transcontinental countries Turkey and the Russian Federation, as well as Israel, ...
include 50 countries in their definitions.
Sovereign states
A
sovereign state
A sovereign state or sovereign country, is a political entity represented by one central government that has supreme legitimate authority over territory. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined te ...
is a political association with effective
sovereignty
Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the perso ...
over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest. According to the
Montevideo Convention
The Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States is a treaty signed at Montevideo, Uruguay, on December 26, 1933, during the Seventh International Conference of American States. The Convention codifies the declarative theory of state ...
, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.
UN member states and UNGA non-member observer state
There are 50 sovereign states with territory located within the common definition of Europe and/or membership in international European organisations that are almost universally recognized internationally. All are either member states of the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoniz ...
or non-member observer states at the
United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; french: link=no, Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as the main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ of the UN. Curr ...
(UNGA), and all except Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Vatican City are members of the
Council of Europe. 44 countries have their capital city located within Europe, and (as of 2022) 27 of those countries are
member states of the European Union, which means that they are highly integrated with one another and share their sovereignty through
EU institutions
The institutions of the European Union are the seven principal decision-making bodies of the European Union and the Euratom. They are, as listed in Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union:
* the European Parliament,
* the European Council ...
.
Each entry in the list below has a map of its location in Europe. Territory in Europe is shown in dark-green; territory not geographically in Europe is shown in a lighter shade of green. The lightest shade of green represents other states in the EU and is shown on the maps of all territories within the EU.
}
,
Tirana
Tirana ( , ; aln, Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea ...
sq, Tiranë
,
,
,
Albanian lek
, -
,
,
,
Andorra
, image_flag = Flag of Andorra.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Andorra.svg
, symbol_type = Coat of arms
, national_motto = la, Virtus Unita Fortior, label=none (Latin)"United virtue is stro ...
Principality of Andorra
AND
, ca, Andorra – Principat d'Andorra
,
Andorra la Vella
Andorra la Vella french: Andorre-la-Vieille is the capital of the Principality of Andorra. It is located high in the east Pyrenees, between France and Spain. It is also the name of the parish that surrounds the capital.
, the city has a popu ...
ca, Andorra la Vella
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
,
Armenia
Armenia (), , group=pron officially the Republic of Armenia,, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of Western Asia.The UNbr>classification of world regions places Armenia in Western Asia; the CIA World Factbook , , and ' ...
Republic of Armenia
ARM
, hy, Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն
(')
,
Yerevan
Yerevan ( , , hy, Երևան , sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia and one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerevan is the administrative, cultural, and i ...
hy, Երևան
(')
,
,
,
Armenian dram
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
*
Republic of Austria
AUT
, german: Österreich – Republik Österreich
,
Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
german: Wien
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
,
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
Republic of Azerbaijan
AZE
, az, Azǝrbaycan – Azǝrbaycan Respublikası
,
Baku az, Bakı
,
,
,
Azerbaijani manat
The manat ( ISO code: AZN; sign: ₼; abbreviation: m) is the currency of Azerbaijan. It is subdivided into 100 ''gapiks''.
The first iteration of the currency happened in the times of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and its successor, the Az ...
, -
,
,
,
Belarus
Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...
Republic of Belarus
BLR
, be, Беларусь – Рэспубліка Беларусь
(')russian: Беларусь – Республика Беларусь
(')
,
Minsk
Minsk ( be, Мінск ; russian: Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the admi ...
be, Мінск
(')russian: Минск
(')
,
,
,
Belarusian rubel
The ruble ( be, рубель ''rubeĺ’''; Abbreviation: Rbl (plural: Rbls); ISO code: BYN) is the currency of Belarus. It is also known as the rubel, or in Commonwealth English as the rouble. The ruble is subdivided into 100 copecks (sometim ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
*
Kingdom of Belgium
BEL
, nl, België – Koninkrijk België
french: Belgique – Royaume de Belgique
german: Belgien – Königreich Belgien
,
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
nl, Brussel
french: Bruxelles
german: Brüssel
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
BIH
,
Bosnian: ''Bosna i Hercegovina''
Croatian: ''Bosna i Hercegovina''
Serbian: Босна и Херцеговина
,
Sarajevo
Sarajevo ( ; cyrl, Сарајево, ; ''see names in other languages'') is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area including Sarajevo ...
Bosnian: ''Sarajevo''
Croatian: ''Sarajevo''
Serbian: Сарајево
,
,
,
Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible marka
The convertible mark (Bosnian language, Bosanski: , Currency symbol, sign: KM; ISO 4217, code: BAM) is the currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is divided into 100 or (/) and locally abbreviated ''KM''. While the currency and its subunits ar ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedo ...
*
Republic of Bulgaria
BGR
, bg, България – Република България
(')
,
Sofia
Sofia ( ; bg, София, Sofiya, ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and h ...
bg, София
(')
,
,
,
Bulgarian lev
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
*
Republic of Croatia
HRV
, hr, Hrvatska – Republika Hrvatska
,
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
hr, Zagreb
,
,
,
Croatian kuna
The kuna is the currency of Croatia, in use since 1994 (sign: kn; code: HRK). It is subdivided into 100 lipa. The kuna is issued by the Croatian National Bank and the coins are minted by the Croatian Mint. The plural form of the word kuna in Cr ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...
*
Republic of Cyprus
CYP
, el, Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία
(') tr, Kıbrıs – Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti
,
Nicosia el, Λευκωσία
(') tr, Lefkoşa
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Czechia*
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
CZE
, cs, Česko – Česká republika
,
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and List of cities in the Czech Republic, largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 milli ...
cs, Praha
,
,
,
Czech koruna
The koruna, or crown, (sign: Kč; code: CZK, cs, koruna česká) has been the currency of the Czech Republic since 1993. The koruna is one of the European Union's 9 currencies, and the Czech Republic is legally bound to adopt the euro currenc ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Denmark
)
, song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast")
, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark
, establish ...
*
Kingdom of Denmark
DNK
, da, Danmark – Kongeriget Danmark
,
Copenhagen
Copenhagen ( or .; da, København ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a proper population of around 815.000 in the last quarter of 2022; and some 1.370,000 in the urban area; and the wider Copenhagen metropolitan ar ...
da, København
,
,
,
Danish krone
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
*
Republic of Estonia
EST
, et, Eesti – Eesti Vabariik
,
Tallinn
Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju '' ...
et, Tallinn
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of B ...
*
Republic of Finland
FIN
, fi, Suomi – Suomen tasavalta
sv, Finland – Republiken Finland
,
Helsinki
Helsinki ( or ; ; sv, Helsingfors, ) is the capital, primate, and most populous city of Finland. Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland, and has a population of . The city ...
fi, Helsinki
sv, Helsingfors
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...
*
French Republic
FRA
, french: France – République française
,
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
french: Paris
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
,
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
GEO
, ka, საქართველო
(')
,
Tbilisi
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million p ...
/ T'bilisi
ka, თბილისი
(')
,
,
,
Georgian lari
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
*
Federal Republic of Germany
DEU
, german: Deutschland – Bundesrepublik Deutschland
,
Berlin
Berlin ( , ) is the capital and List of cities in Germany by population, largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European Union by population within ci ...
german: Berlin
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Greece
Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...
*
Hellenic Republic
GRC
, el, Ελλάδα – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
(')
,
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
el, Αθήνα
(')
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...
*
HUN
, hu, Magyarország
,
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
hu, Budapest
,
,
,
Hungarian forint
The forint (sign Ft; code HUF) is the currency of Hungary. It was formerly divided into 100 fillér, but fillér coins are no longer in circulation. The introduction of the forint on 1 August 1946 was a crucial step in the post-World War II stab ...
, -
,
,
,
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
ISL
, is, Ísland – Lýðveldið Ísland
,
Reykjavík
Reykjavík ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Iceland. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxaflói bay. Its latitude is 64°08' N, making it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. With a po ...
is, Reykjavík
,
,
,
Icelandic króna
The króna or krona (sometimes called Icelandic crown; sign: kr; code: ISK) is the currency of Iceland. Iceland is the second-smallest country by population, after the Seychelles, to have its own currency and monetary policy.
Name
Like the ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Ireland
Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...
*
IRL
, en, Ireland
ga, Éire
,
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of the Wicklow Mountains range. At the 2016 c ...
ga, Baile Átha Cliath
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
*
Italian Republic
ITA
, it, Italia – Repubblica Italiana
,
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus (legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
it, Roma
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
,
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
Republic of Kazakhstan
KAZ
, kk, Қазақстан – Қазақстан Республикасы
(')russian: Казахстан – Республика Казахстан
(')
,
Astana
Astana, previously known as Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, Akmola, and most recently Nur-Sultan, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.
The city lies on the banks of the Ishim River in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region, tho ...
kk, Астана
(')russian: Астана
(')
,
,
,
Kazakhstani tenge
The tenge ( or ; kk, теңге, teñge, ; sign: ₸ ; code: KZT) is the currency of Kazakhstan. It is divided into 100 tiyn ( kk, тиын, tıyın also transliterated as ''tiyin'').
History
After the breakup of the Soviet Union in December ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Latvia*
Republic of Latvia
LVA
, lv, Latvija – Latvijas Republika
,
Riga lv, Rīga
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
,
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constitutional monarch ...
Principality of Liechtenstein
LIE
, german: Liechtenstein – Fürstentum Liechtenstein
,
Vaduz
Vaduz ( or , High Alemannic pronunciation: [])Hans Stricker, Toni Banzer, Herbert Hilbe: ''Liechtensteiner Namenbuch. Die Orts- und Flurnamen des Fürstentums Liechtenstein.'' Band 2: ''Die Namen der Gemeinden Triesenberg, Vaduz, Schaan.'' Hrsg. ...
german: Vaduz
,
,
,
Liechtenstein franc
The Swiss franc (plural: francs; in German: ''Frank'', plural: ''Franken'') has been the currency of Liechtenstein since 1920. The Swiss franc is legal tender since Liechtenstein is in a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. The 1980 tre ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Lithuania*
Republic of Lithuania
LTU
, lt, Lietuva – Lietuvos Respublika
, Vilnius
lt, Vilnius
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Luxembourg*
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
LUX
, german: Luxemburg – Großherzogtum Luxemburg
french: Luxembourg – Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
lb, Lëtzebuerg - Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg
, Luxembourg (city), Luxembourg
german: Luxemburg
french: Luxembourg
lb, Lëtzebuerg
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
,
Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
*
Republic of Malta
MLT
, en, Malta – Republic of Malta
mt, Malta – Repubblika ta' Malta
, Valletta
mt, Valletta
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
, Moldova
Republic of Moldova
MDA
, ro, Moldova – Republica Moldova
, Chișinău
ro, Chișinău
,
,
, Moldovan leu
, -
,
,
, Monaco
Principality of Monaco
MCO
, french: Monaco – Principauté de Monaco
, Monaco
french: Monaco
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
, Montenegro
MNE
, cnr, Црна Гора
(')
, Podgorica
cnr, Подгорица
(')
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Netherlands*
Kingdom of the Netherlands
NLD
, nl, Nederland – Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
, Amsterdam (capital)
nl, Amsterdam
The Hague (seat of government)
nl, 's-Gravenhage / Den Haag
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
, North Macedonia
Republic of North Macedonia
MKD
, mk, Северна Македонија – Република Северна Македонија
(')
, Skopje
mk, Скопје
(')
,
,
, Macedonian denar
, -
,
,
, Norway
Kingdom of Norway
NOR
, nb, Norge – Kongeriket Norge
nn, Noreg – Kongeriket Noreg
, Oslo
no, Oslo
,
,
, Norwegian krone
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Poland*
Republic of Poland
POL
, pl, Polska – Rzeczpospolita Polska
, Warsaw
pl, Warszawa
,
,
, Polish złoty
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Portugal*
Portuguese Republic
PRT
, pt, Portugal – República Portuguesa
, Lisbon
pt, Lisboa
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Romania*
ROU
, ro, România
, Bucharest
ro, București
,
,
, Romanian leu
, -
,
,
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
Russian Federation
RUS
, russian: Россия – Российская Федерация
(')
, Moscow
russian: Москва
(')
,
,
, Russian ruble
, -
,
,
, San Marino
Republic of San Marino
SMR
, it, San Marino – Repubblica di San Marino
, City of San Marino, San Marino
it, San Marino
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, -
,
,
, Serbia
Republic of Serbia
SRB
, sr, Србија – Република Србија
(')
, Belgrade
sr, Београд
(')
,
,
, Serbian dinar
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Slovakia*
Slovak Republic
SVK
, sk, Slovensko – Slovenská republika
, Bratislava
sk, Bratislava
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Slovenia*
Republic of Slovenia
SVN
, sl, Slovenija – Republika Slovenija
, Ljubljana
sl, Ljubljana
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Spain*
Kingdom of Spain
ESP
, es, España – Reino de España
, Madrid
es, Madrid
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Sweden*
Kingdom of Sweden
SWE
, sv, Sverige – Konungariket Sverige
, Stockholm
sv, Stockholm
,
,
, Swedish krona
, -
,
,
, Switzerland
Swiss Confederation
CHE
, german: Schweiz – Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
french: Suisse – Confédération suisse
it, Svizzera – Confederazione Svizzera
rm, Svizra – Confederaziun svizra
, Bern / Berne
german: Bern
french: Berne
Italian language, Italian and Romansh language, Romansh: ''Berna''
,
,
, Swiss franc
, -
,
,
,
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
Republic of Turkey
TUR
, tr, Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
, Ankara
tr, Ankara
,
,
, Turkish lira
, -
,
,
, Ukraine
UKR
, uk, Украïна
(')
, Kyiv
uk, Київ
(')
,
,
, Ukrainian hryvnia
, -
,
,
, United Kingdom
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
GBR
, en, United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
, London
,
,
, Pound sterling
, -
,
,
, Vatican City
Vatican City State
VAT
, it, Città del Vaticano – Stato della Città del Vaticano
la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae
, Vatican City
it, Città del Vaticano
,
,
,
Euro
The euro ( symbol: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of 19 out of the member states of the European Union (EU). This group of states is known as the eurozone or, officially, the euro area, and includes about 340 million citizens . ...
De facto states
The following six entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more member states of the United Nations, UN member states (and therefore are defined as states by the Sovereign state#Constitutive theory, constitutive theory of statehood) or have no diplomatic recognition by any UN member state but are defined as states by the Sovereign state#Declarative theory, declarative theory of statehood. None are members of the UN, Council of Europe or EU.
}
(')russian: Абхазия - Республика Абхазия
(')
, Sukhumi
ab, Аҟəа
(')russian: Суху́м(и)
(')
, 250,000
,
, -
,
,
, Republic of Artsakh, Artsakh
Republic of Artsakh
, Claimed as Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan, part of
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of t ...
. De facto independent state,
[ recognised by Foreign relations of Artsakh, 3 non-UN states.
, hy, Արցախի Հանրապետություն (')
, Stepanakert]
hy, Ստեփանակերտ (')
, 141,400
,
, -
,
,
, Kosovo
Republic of Kosovo
, Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, Claimed by Serbia. Has been recognized as sovereign by International recognition of Kosovo, 97 UN member states.
, sq, Kosova / Kosovë – Republika e Kosovës
sr, Косово – Република Косово (')
, Pristina
sq, Prishtina, Prishtinë
sr, Приштина (')
, 1,836,529
,
, -
,
,
, Northern Cyprus
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
, Claimed as Districts of Cyprus, part of the Cyprus, Republic of Cyprus. Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus, Recognised by Turkey.
, tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti
, North Nicosia
tr, Lefkoşa
, 294,906
,
, -
,
,
, South Ossetia
Republic of South Ossetia
, Claimed as Administrative divisions of Georgia (country), part of Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States
Georgia may also refer to:
Places
Historical states and entities
* Related to the ...
. Recognised by International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia#UN member states, five UN member states.[
, os, Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикӕ Хуссар Ирыстон (')]
russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия (')
, Tskhinvali
os, Цхинвал or Чъреба (')
russian: Цхинва́л(и) (')
, 70,000
,
, -
,
,
, Transnistria / Trans-Dniester
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
, Claimed as a Administrative divisions of Moldova, territorial unit of Moldova. De facto independent state,[.] recognised by International recognition of Transnistria#UN non-member states, 3 non-UN states.
, ro, Transnistria – Republica Moldovenească Nistreană
russian: Приднестровье – Приднестровская Молдавская Республика (')
uk, Придністров'я – Придністровська Молдавська Республіка (')
, Tiraspol
ro, Tiraspol
russian: Тираcполь (')
uk, Тирасполь (')
, 475,373
,
Non-sovereign territories
Dependent territories
The following six European entities are dependent territory, dependent territories.
}
, Episkopi Cantonment
, 15,700
,
, -
,
,
, Faroe Islands / Faeroe Islands
, Danish Realm#Home rule and self rule, Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark
, fo, Føroyar
da, Færøerne
, Tórshavn
fo, Tórshavn
da, Thorshavn
, 54,000
,
, -
,
,
, Gibraltar
, British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory
, en, Gibraltar
, Gibraltar
, 29,185
,
, -
,
,
, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Guernsey
Bailiwick of Guernsey
, Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency in right of Guernsey[Queen and Crown dependencies page of the official website of the British Monarchy](_blank)
[Ministry of Justice's fact sheet on the UK's relationship with the Crown Dependencies](_blank)
/ref>
, en, Guernsey – Bailiwick of Guernsey
french: Guernesey – Bailliage de Guernesey
Guernésiais: ''Guernési – Bailliage de Guernési''
, Saint Peter Port
french: Saint Pierre Port
Guernésiais: ''Saint Pierre Port''
, 65,849
,
, -
,
,
, Isle of Man
, Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency in right of Man
, en, Isle of Man
gv, Mannin – Ellan Vannin
, Douglas, Isle of Man, Douglas
gv, Doolish
, 86,866
,
, -
,
,
, Jersey
Bailiwick of Jersey
, Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency in right of Jersey
, en, Jersey – Bailiwick of Jersey
french: Jersey – Bailliage de Jersey
Jèrriais: ''Jèrri – Bailliage de Jèrri''
, Saint Helier
french: Saint-Hélier
Jèrriais: ''Saint Hélyi''
, 96,513
,
Areas of special sovereignty
The following places are considered integral parts of their sovereign state, but have a political arrangement that was decided through an international agreement.
}
, Mariehamn
sv, Mariehamn
, 27,500
,
, -
,
,
, Northern Ireland
, Part of the United Kingdom, devolved government determined by the Good Friday Agreement
, en, Northern Ireland
ir, Tuaisceart Éireann
sco, Norlin Airlann
, Belfast
, 1,810,863
,
, -
,
,
, Svalbard
, Special territory of Norway, determined by the Svalbard Treaty
, no, Svalbard
, Longyearbyen
no, Longyearbyen
, 2,019
,
A State-like entity with partial diplomatic recognition
A list of State-like entities with partial diplomatic recognition with which UN member states maintain diplomatic relations.
See also
* International organisations in Europe
* Lists of European countries:
** List of European countries by area, by area
** List of European countries by GDP, by GDP
*** List of European countries by GDP per capita, by GDP per capita
*** List of European countries by GDP PPP, by GDP PPP
** List of European countries by population, by population
* List of former sovereign states#Europe, List of former sovereign states in Europe
* Predecessors of sovereign states in Europe
* Regions of Europe
* Timeline of European nations
Notes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sovereign States And Dependent Territories in Europe, List Of
Lists of countries by continent
Lists of countries in Europe, 01
Dependent territories in Europe, .List
Europe-related lists, Sovereign states and dependent territories
Europe