Europe, the westernmost portion of Eurasia—is often divided into regions and subregions based on geographical, cultural or historical factors. Since there is no universal agreement on Europe's regional composition, the placement of individual countries may vary based on criteria being used. For instance, the Balkans is a distinct geographic region within Europe but individual countries may alternatively be grouped into Southern Europe (as is often the case of Greece), in Southeastern Europe (as in the case of Bulgaria), or less commonly altogether lumped with

East Central Europe East Central Europe is the region between Germanic, West Slavic, and Hungarian-speaking Europe and the East Slavic countries of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Those lands are described as situated "between two": "between two worlds, between tw ...

. Regional affiliation of countries may also evolve over time. Malta was considered an island of North Africa for centuries but is now generally considered part of Southern Europe. The exact placement of the Caucasus has also varied since classical antiquity and is now regarded as a distinct region within or partly in Europe. Greenland is technically part of North America but has been politically and culturally associated with Northern Europe for more than a millennium.Dale Mackenzie Brown
"The Fate of Greenland's Vikings"
. ''Archaeological Institute of America'': 28 February 2000 As such, several countries are often included as belonging to a " Greater Europe", including Armenia, Cyprus, Greenland, as well as the overseas territories and regions of the European Union.

Subregions

Groupings by compass directions are the hardest to define in Europe, since there are a few calculations of the midpoint of Europe (among other issues), and the pure geographical criteria of "east" and "west" are often confused with the political meaning these words acquired during the

Cold War The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...

era. The modern geographical subregions of Europe include: #

Central and Eastern Europe Central and Eastern Europe is a term encompassing the countries in the Baltics, Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe (mostly the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe. ...

## Central Europe ## Eastern Europe #

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...

## North-central Europe ## North-eastern Europe ##

North-western Europe Northwestern Europe, or Northwest Europe, is a loosely defined subregion of Europe, overlapping Northern Europe, Northern and Western Europe. The region can be defined both geographically and ethnography, ethnographically. Geographic defini ...

# Southern Europe ## South-central Europe ## South-eastern Europe ## South-western Europe # Western Europe Note: There is no universally agreed definition for continental subregions. Depending on the source, some of the subregions, such as Central Europe or South-eastern Europe, can be listed as first-tier subregions. Some transregional countries, such as Romania or the United Kingdom, can be included in multiple subregions. The modern geopolitical subregions of Europe include: Two Europes #

Old Europe and New Europe Old Europe and New Europe are terms used to contrast parts of Europe with each other in a rhetorical way. In the 21st century, the terms have been used by conservative political analysts in the United States to describe post-Communist era countri ...

Three Europes #

East-Central Europe East Central Europe is the region between Germanic languages, Germanic, West Slavic languages, West Slavic, and Hungarian language, Hungarian-speaking Europe and the East Slavs, East Slavic countries of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Those lands a ...

# Eastern Europe # Western Europe

Historical divisions

Europe can be divided along many differing historical lines, normally corresponding to those parts that were inside or outside a particular cultural phenomenon, empire or political division. The areas varied at different times, and so it is arguable as to which were part of some common historical entity (e.g., were Germany or Britain part of Roman Europe as they were only partly and relatively briefly part of the Empire—or were the countries of the former communist Yugoslavia part of the

Eastern Bloc The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc and the Soviet Bloc, was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America under the influence of the Soviet Union that existed du ...

, since it was not in the Warsaw Pact). * Roman and non-Roman Europe: those parts that were inside or outside the Roman Empire. * Greek Europe and

Latin Europe The Latins were originally an Italic tribe in ancient central Italy from Latium. As Roman power and colonization spread Latin culture during the Roman Republic. Latins culturally "Romanized" or "Latinized" the rest of Italy, and the word Latin ...

: those parts that fell into the eastern ( Byzantine) and Western Roman Empires. * Monotheistic

Christian Christians () are people who follow or adhere to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. The words ''Christ'' and ''Christian'' derive from the Koine Greek title ''Christós'' (Χρι ...

and polytheistic

Pagan Paganism (from classical Latin ''pāgānus'' "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism. ...

Europe: those lands that did and did not observe Christianity in the Middle Ages. * Catholic and Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe: those parts on either side of the Great Schism. * After Reformation: countries of Western Christianity (Catholic and Protestant Churches) and

Eastern Christianity Eastern Christianity comprises Christian traditions and church families that originally developed during classical and late antiquity in Eastern Europe, Southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Northeast Africa, the Fertile Crescent and ...

(Eastern Orthodox Church, Assyrian Church of the East, Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Catholic Churches) ** Protestant and

Catholic Europe The Catholic Church in Europe is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See in Rome, including represented Eastern Catholic missions. Demographically, Catholics are the largest religious group in Europe. Demograp ...

: those parts that, in the main, left the Catholic Church during the Reformation contrasted with those that did not. *

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

Europe (

), Capitalist Europe ( Western Bloc): those parts on either side of the

Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain was the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its s ...

and third world countries (neutral and non-aligned during the Cold War).

Contemporary

Economic and political

* European Union (EU) : Countries that are member states of the political and economic bloc (27 as of 2020): : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,

Latvia Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...

Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...

, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

. * EU Med Group : An alliance of Mediterranean countries within EU: : Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain * Eurozone : Countries that have adopted the euro as their currency: : Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Vatican City. *

European Free Trade Association (EFTA) The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. The organization operates in parallel with the European Unio ...

: A free trade organisation that operates in parallel with, and is linked by treaties to, the EU: : Liechtenstein, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. * Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) : A free trade agreement among non-EU members: : Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo (represented by UNMIK), Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia. *

Schengen Area The Schengen Area ( , ) is an area comprising 27 European countries that have officially abolished all passport and all other types of border control at their mutual borders. Being an element within the wider area of freedom, security and j ...

: A borderless zone created by the Schengen Agreements, comprising: : Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden; in addition, by separate agreements Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland fully apply the provisions of the Schengen ''acquis''. * European Union Customs Union : A customs union of all the member states of the European Union (EU) and some neighbouring countries: : Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden. Andorra, San Marino, and Turkey are each in customs union with the EU's customs territory. * Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) : An economic union of Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia. Moldova and Uzbekistan hold observer status. *

Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area (CISFTA) is a free-trade area among Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Moldova, Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. Five CISFTA participants, all except Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Moldo ...

: A free trade agreement among the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Tajikistan. * Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation : A forum of regional economic cooperation: : Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine.

Other political

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...

: An international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy, and the rule of law in Europe, and to promote European culture. : It has 46 member states, with approximately 820 million people. *

Eastern European Group The Group of Eastern European States (EEG) is one of the five United Nations regional groups and is composed of 23 Member States from Eastern, Central and Southern Europe. The Group, as with all the regional groups, is a non-binding dialogue ...

: One of five United Nations regional groups : Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine. * Eastern Partnership and the

Euronest Parliamentary Assembly The Euronest Parliamentary Assembly is the inter-parliamentary forum in which members of the European Parliament and the national parliaments of Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia participate and forge closer political and economic ...

: A group of former Soviet Eastern European countries cooperating with the EU: : Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. * OECD Europe countries : European countries that are a part of the OECD: : Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. *

Central European Initiative The Central European Initiative (CEI) is a forum of regional cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe, counting 18 member states. It was formed in Budapest in 1989. The body was developed on the basis of earlier experiences with The Alps-Adriatic ...

: A forum of regional cooperation including: : Albania, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine *

Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations The Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations (russian: Сообщество за демократию и права народов), also commonly and colloquially known as the Commonwealth of Unrecognized States, rarely as CIS-2 (), is a ...

: A group of former Soviet disputed states in Eastern Europe: :

Abkhazia Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which vi ...

, Artsakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria. * Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe : The world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization, with 57 participating states mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. * Visegrád Group : A cultural and political alliance of four Central European states for the purposes of furthering their European integration, as well as for advancing military, economic and energy cooperation with one another: : Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. *

Centrope Centrope is an Interreg IIIA project to establish a multinational region in four Central European states: Slovakia, Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic. The population of Centrope is 7,450,270. Centrope is a joint initiative of the Austrian f ...

: An Interreg IIIA project to establish a multinational region in Central Europe encompassing four European countries: Slovakia, Austria, Hungary and the Czech Republic. *

Middleeuropean Initiative The Initiative Pro Mitteleuropa - Middleeuropean Initiative (in short "IPM") is an international Think Tank, based in Vienna. President of IPM is Philipp Depisch from Austria. History The foundation took place in Vienna on Nov. 20th 2010. On ...

: Promotes Central European cooperation.

Geographical

Peninsulas

* Apennine Peninsula (Italian Peninsula) : Located in the south of Europe, the Apennine Peninsula contains the states of Italy, San Marino, and Vatican City *

Balkan Peninsula The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the who ...

: The Balkan Peninsula is located in Southeastern Europe and the following countries and territories occupy land within the Balkans either exclusively or partially: : Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia (approximately the southern half), Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania (the Dobrudja region), Serbia, Slovenia (the coastal section), and Turkey (

East Thrace East Thrace or Eastern Thrace ( tr, Doğu Trakya or simply ''Trakya''; el, Ανατολική Θράκη, ''Anatoliki Thraki''; bg, Източна Тракия, ''Iztochna Trakiya''), also known as Turkish Thrace or European Turkey, is the pa ...

) * Fennoscandian Peninsula :Located in the north of Europe, including Finland, Norway,

, and part of Russia * Iberian Peninsula : Located in Southwestern Europe, this peninsula contains Andorra,

Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...

, Portugal, Spain and a small part of France * Jutland Peninsula : Jutland of Denmark (main part of the country excluding its islands) and the Schleswig-Holstein region of Germany *

Scandinavian Peninsula The Scandinavian Peninsula ( sv, Skandinaviska halvön; no, Den skandinaviske halvøy (Bokmål) or nn, Den skandinaviske halvøya; fi, Skandinavian niemimaa) is a peninsula located in Northern Europe, which roughly comprises the mainlands ...

:Located in the north of Europe, including Norway,

, and part of Finland

Regional

Baltic Rim Baltic may refer to: Peoples and languages *Baltic languages, a subfamily of Indo-European languages, including Lithuanian, Latvian and extinct Old Prussian * Balts (or Baltic peoples), ethnic groups speaking the Baltic languages and/or originati ...

region : Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany,

, Poland, Russia, and

:* The term

Baltic states The Baltic states, et, Balti riigid or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term, which currently is used to group three countries: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. All three countries are members of NATO, the European Union, the Eurozone, ...

generally applies to Estonia,

, and

* British Isles : The Isle of Man, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom *

Carpathian The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...

states : Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Ukraine * Caucasus : Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia; also the

disputed territories A territorial dispute or boundary dispute is a disagreement over the possession or control of land between two or more political entities. Context and definitions Territorial disputes are often related to the possession of natural resources s ...

, Artsakh, and South Ossetia * Channel Islands :

Guernsey Guernsey (; Guernésiais: ''Guernési''; french: Guernesey) is an island in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy that is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, a British Crown Dependency. It is the second largest of the Channel Islands ...

and Jersey * Low Countries : Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, parts of France, and parts of Germany :* Benelux: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg *

Nordic countries The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; literal translation, lit. 'the North') are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmar ...

, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Greenland, and Iceland :* Scandinavia:

, Norway, Denmark :*

Fennoscandia __NOTOC__ Fennoscandia (Finnish language, Finnish, Swedish language, Swedish and no, Fennoskandia, nocat=1; russian: Фенноскандия, Fennoskandiya) or the Fennoscandian Peninsula is the geographical peninsula in Europe, which includes ...

: Finland,

, Norway and

Karelia Karelia ( Karelian and fi, Karjala, ; rus, Каре́лия, links=y, r=Karélija, p=kɐˈrʲelʲɪjə, historically ''Korjela''; sv, Karelen), the land of the Karelian people, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for ...

; a geological region defined by the

Fennoscandian shield The Baltic Shield (or Fennoscandian Shield) is a segment of the Earth's crust belonging to the East European Craton, representing a large part of Fennoscandia, northwestern Russia and the northern Baltic Sea. It is composed mostly of Archean an ...

* Alpine countries : States that occupy the Alps: : Austria,

Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...

, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Germany, France and Italy * Danubian countries : States that lie along the River Danube: : Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Ukraine * Balkans : Overlaps with Southeastern Europe: : Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro : Countries occupying land on and off the Balkans are Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Turkey (

). * Dinaric Alps : Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania : Serbia, Kosovo and Italy occupy a small portion of the Dinaric Alps. * Macaronesia : Chain of Islands in the North Atlantic : Azores,

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Morocc ...

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

; also including

Cape Verde , national_anthem = () , official_languages = Portuguese , national_languages = Cape Verdean Creole , capital = Praia , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , demonym ...

, an independent African nation. * Mediterranean countries : Mediterranean nations are European countries on the

Mediterranean Basin In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (; also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and w ...

: : Portugal, Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Slovenia, San Marino, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Malta and the British territory of

Adriatic The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) ...

region: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania * Pannonian countries : The Panonnian nations are: : Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine *

Black Sea region The Black Sea Region ( tr, Karadeniz Bölgesi) is a geographical region of Turkey. The largest city in the region is Samsun. Other big cities are Trabzon, Ordu, Tokat, Giresun, Rize, Amasya and Sinop. It is bordered by the Marmara Region to the ...

: The Black Sea nations (although some sections lie within Asia) are: :

(de facto state), Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine * Caspian Sea region : The world's largest lake which forms a section of the Asian-European border has five countries occupying its shore. Iran and Turkmenistan lie entirely within Asia while the following countries are transcontinental and have sovereignty over the Caspian Sea's European sector: : Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia

Religious groupings

* Catholicism in Europe :Catholic-majority countries or regions, including Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, France,

Southern Southern may refer to: Businesses * China Southern Airlines, airline based in Guangzhou, China * Southern Airways, defunct US airline * Southern Air, air cargo transportation company based in Norwalk, Connecticut, US * Southern Airways Express, M ...

and Western parts of Germany,

( United Kingdom), Hungary, Ireland, Italy, parts of

, Liechtenstein,

, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Southern Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. * Eastern Orthodoxy in Europe :Orthodox-majority countries, including Armenia, Artsakh (de facto state), Belarus, Northern and Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, and Ukraine. * Protestantism in Europe :Protestant-majority countries, including Denmark, Estonia, Finland, North and Eastern Germany, Greenland ( Denmark), Iceland, parts of

, the Northern Netherlands, Norway,

, and the United Kingdom. *

Islam in Europe Islam is the Religion in Europe, second-largest religion in Europe after Christianity. Although the majority of Muslim communities in Western Europe formed recently, there are centuries-old Muslim societies in the Balkans, Caucasus, Crimea, and ...

: Muslim-majority countries, including Albania, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo,

Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus ( tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs), officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC; tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, ''KKTC''), is a ''de facto'' state that comprises the northeastern portion of the Geography of Cyprus, isl ...

(de facto state), and Turkey. * Buddhism in Europe :

Kalmykia he official languages of the Republic of Kalmykia are the Kalmyk and Russian languages./ref> , official_lang_list= Kalmyk , official_lang_ref=Steppe Code (Constitution) of the Republic of Kalmykia, Article 17: he official languages of the ...

( Russia) is the only region in Europe where Buddhism is the predominant religion.

Linguistic groupings

* Baltic-speaking Europe **

* Celtic-speaking Europe :* Brittany ( France), Cornwall ( England), the Isle of Man ( United Kingdom), Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales * Germanic-speaking Europe :*

Benelux countries The Benelux Union ( nl, Benelux Unie; french: Union Benelux; lb, Benelux-Unioun), also known as simply Benelux, is a politico-economic union and formal international intergovernmental cooperation of three neighboring states in western Europe: B ...

: Belgium ( Flanders), Luxembourg, and the Netherlands :* British Isles: the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom :* DACH countries: Austria, Germany, and

(some cantons); plus Liechtenstein :*

: Åland ( Finland), Denmark, the Faroe Islands ( Denmark), Iceland, Norway (including

Svalbard Svalbard ( , ), also known as Spitsbergen, or Spitzbergen, is a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. North of mainland Europe, it is about midway between the northern coast of Norway and the North Pole. The islands of the group range ...

), and

* Romance-speaking Europe (aka

) :*

Eastern Romance The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages. Today, the group consists of the Daco-Romance subgroup, which comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), Aromanian language and two other related minor languages, Megleno-R ...

zone: Moldova, Romania :* Western Romance zone: Andorra, Belgium ( Wallonia), France, Italy, Monaco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain,

(some cantons), and Vatican City : Eastern and Western Romance zones are geographically separated by either of two sovereign states including Austria or Slovenia with Hungary. * Slavic-speaking Europe – collectively known as the

Slavs Slavs are the largest European ethnolinguistic group. They speak the various Slavic languages, belonging to the larger Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages. Slavs are geographically distributed throughout northern Eurasia, main ...

:* Northern Slavic zone – collectively known as the

North Slavs The term North Slavic languages is used in two main senses: * for a number of proposed groupings or subdivisions of the Slavic languages. However, "North Slavic" is not widely used in this sense, and has no agreed definition. Modern scholars usual ...

:** Eastern Slavic zone: Belarus, Russia (including Siberia in Asia), and Ukraine – collectively known as the East Slavs :** Western Slavic zone: Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia – collectively known as the West Slavs :* Southern Slavic zone: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia (inclusive of Kosovo), and Slovenia – collectively known as the South Slavs : Northern Slavic and Southern Slavic zones geographically separated by any of three countries: Austria, Hungary, and Romania; or by the Black Sea.

Other groupings

* Blue Banana: describing the concentration of the wealth/economic productivity of Europe in a

banana A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus ''Musa''. In some countries, bananas used for cooking may be called "plantains", distinguis ...

-shaped band running from north west England, London, through Benelux, eastern France, western Germany to northern Italy. *

Celtic Europe The Celts (, see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples () are. "CELTS location: Greater Europe time period: Second millennium B.C.E. to present ancestry: Celtic a collection of Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient ...

Civil code A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations. A jurisdiction that has a civil code generally also has a code of civil procedure. In some jurisdictions with a civil code, a number of the core ar ...

Europe and common law Europe: those parts that adopted a Napoleonic Code style system and those that retained a Common Law system.

Explanatory notes

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Regions Of Europe Geography of Europe