Venn diagram showing Maximum Greek, Latin and Cyrillic letters

The European ordering rules (EOR / EN 13710), define an ordering for strings written in languages that are written with the

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

and

Cyrillic , bg, кирилица , mk, кирилица , russian: кириллица , sr, ћирилица, uk, кирилиця , fam1 = Egyptian hieroglyphs , fam2 = Proto-Sinaitic , fam3 = Phoenician , fam4 = G ...

alphabet An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) that represent the phonemes of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syll ...

s. The standard covers languages used by the

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...

, the

European Free Trade Association The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerlan ...

, and parts of the

former Soviet Union The post-Soviet states, also known as the former Soviet Union (FSU), the former Soviet Republics and in Russia as the near abroad (russian: links=no, ближнее зарубежье, blizhneye zarubezhye), are the 15 sovereign states that wer ...

. It is a tailoring of the ''Common Tailorable Template'' of

ISO/IEC 14651 'ISO/IEC 14651:2016'', ''Information technology -- International string ordering and comparison -- Method for comparing character strings and description of the common template tailorable ordering'', is an ISO/IEC standard specifying an algorithm ...

. EOR can in turn be tailored for different (European) languages. But in inter-European contexts, EOR can be used without further tailoring.

Method

Just as for

, upon which EOR is based, EOR has 4 levels of weights. Level 1 sorts the letters. The following

letters are concerned by this level, in order: :a b c d ð e ə ɛ f g h i j k l m n o ɔ p q r s ɯ t u v w x y z þ æ The

Greek alphabet The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BCE. It is derived from the earlier Phoenician alphabet, and was the earliest known alphabetic script to have distinct letters for vowels as we ...

has the following order: :α β γ δ ε Ϝ Ϛ ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π Ϟ ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω Ϡ

Cyrillic script The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic languages, Slavic, Turkic languages, Turkic, Mongolic languages, ...

has the following order: :а ӑ ӓ ә ӛ ӕ б в г ғ ҕ ґ д ђ ҙ е ӗ ё є є̈ ж ӝ җ ӂ з ӟ з́ ѕ ӡ и ӥ і ї й ј к қ ӄ ҡ ҟ ҝ л љ ꙥ м ꙧ н ң ӊ ҥ њ ӈ о ӧ ŏ ө ӫ ө̆ ѡ ꙍ ҩ п ҧ р с ҫ с́ т ҭ ћ у ў ӱ ӳ ү ұ ф х ҳ ӽ ѯ һ ц ҵ ч ӵ ҷ ӌ ҹ ҽ ҿ џ ш щ ъ ы ӹ ь ѣ э ю ю̆ я я̆ Ӏ ѫ ѭ ѧ ѩ ѱ ѳ ѵ ѷ ҁ ꙟ The order for the three alphabets is: # Latin alphabet # Greek alphabet # Cyrillic alphabet The

Georgian Georgian may refer to: Common meanings * Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country) ** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group ** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians **Georgian scripts, three scrip ...

and

Armenian alphabet The Armenian alphabet ( hy, Հայոց գրեր, ' or , ') is an alphabetic writing system used to write Armenian language, Armenian. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and wikt:ecclesiastical, ecclesiast ...

s have not been included in ENV 13710. However, they are covered in CR 14400:2001 "European ordering rules – Ordering for Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Georgian and Armenian scripts". All scripts encoded in ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode are covered by

(and its datafile CTT) as well as

Unicode collation algorithm The Unicode collation algorithm (UCA) is an algorithm defined in Unicode Technical Report #10, which is a customizable method to produce binary keys from strings representing text in any writing system and language that can be represented with Unic ...

(UCA and the associated DUCET), both of which are available at no charge. Level 2 is where different additions, such as

diacritic A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacriti ...

s and variations, to the letters are ordered. Letters with diacritical marks (like , , , and ) are ordered as variants of the base letter. , , and are ordered as modifications of , , and respectively, similarly for similar cases. Level 2 defines the following order of diacritics and other modifications: #

Acute accent The acute accent (), , is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of the accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed ch ...

(á) #

Grave accent The grave accent () ( or ) is a diacritical mark used to varying degrees in French, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian and many other western European languages, as well as for a few unusual uses in English. It is also used in other languages using t ...

(à) #

Breve A breve (, less often , neuter form of the Latin "short, brief") is the diacritic mark ˘, shaped like the bottom half of a circle. As used in Ancient Greek, it is also called , . It resembles the caron (the wedge or in Czech, in Slo ...

(ă) #

Circumflex The circumflex () is a diacritic in the Latin and Greek scripts that is also used in the written forms of many languages and in various romanization and transcription schemes. It received its English name from la, circumflexus "bent around"a ...

(â) #

Caron A caron (), háček or haček (, or ; plural ''háčeks'' or ''háčky'') also known as a hachek, wedge, check, kvačica, strešica, mäkčeň, varnelė, inverted circumflex, inverted hat, flying bird, inverted chevron, is a diacritic mark (� ...

(š) #

Ring Ring may refer to: * Ring (jewellery), a round band, usually made of metal, worn as ornamental jewelry * To make a sound with a bell, and the sound made by a bell :(hence) to initiate a telephone connection Arts, entertainment and media Film and ...

(å) # Diaeresis (ä) #

Double acute accent The double acute accent ( ˝ ) is a diacritic mark of the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. It is used primarily in Hungarian or Chuvash, and consequently it is sometimes referred to by typographers as hungarumlaut. The signs formed with a regular um ...

(ő) #

Tilde The tilde () or , is a grapheme with several uses. The name of the character came into English from Spanish, which in turn came from the Latin '' titulus'', meaning "title" or "superscription". Its primary use is as a diacritic (accent) in ...

(ã) # Dot (ż) #

Cedilla A cedilla ( ; from Spanish) or cedille (from French , ) is a hook or tail ( ¸ ) added under certain letters as a diacritical mark to modify their pronunciation. In Catalan, French, and Portuguese (called cedilha) it is used only under the ' ...

(ş) #

Ogonek The (; Polish: , "little tail", diminutive of ) is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in several European languages, and directly under a vowel in several Native American languages. It i ...

(ą) # Macron (ā) # With stroke through (ø) # Modified letter(s) (æ) Level 3 makes the distinction between Capital and small letters, as in "Polish" and "polish". Level 4 concerns

punctuation Punctuation (or sometimes interpunction) is the use of spacing, conventional signs (called punctuation marks), and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading of written text, whether read silently or aloud. An ...

and

whitespace character In computer programming, whitespace is any character or series of characters that represent horizontal or vertical space in typography. When rendered, a whitespace character does not correspond to a visible mark, but typically does occupy an area ...

s. This level makes the distinction between "MacDonald" and "Mac Donald", "its" and "it's". An optional, and usually omitted, fifth level can distinguish typographical differences, including whether the text is ''italic'', normal or bold.

References

;Notes * Hansson, Roger; Lindgren, Carl Göran; Ljung, Heléne; Lundén, Thomas. ''Språk och skrift i Europa''. SNS Förlag. (2004) * Küster, Marc Wilhelm: ''Geordnetes Weltbild. Die Tradition des alphabetischen Sortierens von der Keilschrift bis zur EDV. Eine Kulturgeschichte.'' Niemeyer (2006) . Written by the editor of ENV 13710, it discusses in chapter 17.4 the genesis and the contents of the EOR. Cf. als

in particular als

{{refend

External links

European Ordering Rules
ENV 13710 – a "European Pre-Standard" Library science Collation

Method

See also

References

External links