European Countries

The list below includes all entities falling even partially under any of the various common definitions of Europe, geographical or political. Fifty generally recognised sovereign states, Kosovo with limited, but substantial, international recognition, and seven largely unrecognised ''de facto'' states with limited to no recognition have territory in Europe and/or membership in international European organisations. There are eight entities that are not integral parts of a European state or have special political arrangements.

Boundary of Europe

Geographical

Under the commonly used geographic definition, the boundary between the continents of Asia and Europe stretches along the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, and the Caspian Sea in the east, the Greater Caucasus range, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, in the south. Based on such a commonly used division of the continents, the transcontinental countries of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkey have territory in both Asia and Europe.

The island of Cyprus in Western Asia is close to Anatolia (or Asia Minor) but is often considered to be a part of Europe and is a current member of the European Union. Like Cyprus, Armenia is also entirely in Western Asia but is a member of several European organisations.

Although the Mediterranean Sea provides a clearer divide between Africa and Europe, some traditionally European islands such as Malta, Pantelleria, the Pelagie Islands, and Sicily are actually located on the African Plate. The island of Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, straddling the Eurasian Plate and the North American Plate.

Some territories which are geographically outside of Europe have strong connections with European states. Greenland, for example, has socio-political connections with Europe and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark but is located closer to the continent of North America and is usually grouped with that continent.

Other territories are part of European countries but are geographically located on other continents, such as the French overseas regions, the Spanish autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the coast of Africa, and the Dutch BES islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba in the Caribbean.

Political

The political boundaries of Europe vary with the definition of Europe that is used by different political organizations. For instance, the Council of Europe and the European Court of Human Rights include 47 countries in their definition of Europe. The European Higher Education Area includes 48 countries, and the European Cultural Convention and the European Olympic Committees include 50 countries in their definitions.

Sovereign states

A sovereign state is a political association with effective sovereignty over a population for whom it makes decisions in the national interest. According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.

UN member states and UNGA non-member observer state

There are 50 sovereign states with territory located within the common definition of Europe and/or membership in international European organisations that are almost universally recognized internationally. All are either member states of the United Nations or non-member observer states at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), and all except Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Vatican City are members of the Council of Europe. 44 countries have their capital city located within Europe, and (as of 2022) 27 of those countries are member states of the European Union, which means that they are highly integrated with one another and share their sovereignty through EU institutions.

Each entry in the list below has a map of its location in Europe. Territory in Europe is shown in dark-green; territory not geographically in Europe is shown in a lighter shade of green. The lightest shade of green represents other states in the EU and is shown on the maps of all territories within the EU.

}
, Tirana

sq, Tiranë
,
,
, Albanian lek
, -
,
,
, Andorra

Principality of Andorra

AND
, ca, Andorra – Principat d'Andorra
, Andorra la Vella

ca, Andorra la Vella
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Armenia

Republic of Armenia

ARM
, hy, Հայաստան – Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն (')
, Yerevan

hy, Երևան (')
,
,
, Armenian dram
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Austria*

Republic of Austria

AUT
, german: Österreich – Republik Österreich
, Vienna

german: Wien
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Azerbaijan

Republic of Azerbaijan

AZE
, az, Azǝrbaycan – Azǝrbaycan Respublikası
, Baku

az, Bakı
,
,
, Azerbaijani manat
, -
,
,
, Belarus

Republic of Belarus

BLR
, be, Беларусь – Рэспубліка Беларусь (')

russian: Беларусь – Республика Беларусь (')
, Minsk

be, Мінск (')

russian: Минск (')
,
,
, Belarusian rubel
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Belgium*

Kingdom of Belgium

BEL
, nl, België – Koninkrijk België

french: Belgique – Royaume de Belgique

german: Belgien – Königreich Belgien
, Brussels

nl, Brussel

french: Bruxelles

german: Brüssel
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Bosnia and Herzegovina

BIH
, Bosnian: ''Bosna i Hercegovina''

Croatian: ''Bosna i Hercegovina''

Serbian: Босна и Херцеговина
, Sarajevo

Bosnian: ''Sarajevo''

Croatian: ''Sarajevo''

Serbian: Сарајево
,
,
, Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible marka
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Bulgaria*

Republic of Bulgaria

BGR
, bg, България – Република България (')
, Sofia

bg, София (')
,
,
, Bulgarian lev
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Croatia*

Republic of Croatia

HRV
, hr, Hrvatska – Republika Hrvatska
, Zagreb

hr, Zagreb
,
,
, Croatian kuna
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Cyprus*

Republic of Cyprus

CYP
, el, Κύπρος – Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία (')

tr, Kıbrıs – Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti
, Nicosia

el, Λευκωσία (')

tr, Lefkoşa
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Czechia*

Czech Republic

CZE
, cs, Česko – Česká republika
, Prague

cs, Praha
,
,
, Czech koruna
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Denmark*

Kingdom of Denmark

DNK
, da, Danmark – Kongeriget Danmark
, Copenhagen

da, København
,
,
, Danish krone
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Estonia*

Republic of Estonia

EST
, et, Eesti – Eesti Vabariik
, Tallinn

et, Tallinn
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Finland*

Republic of Finland

FIN
, fi, Suomi – Suomen tasavalta

sv, Finland – Republiken Finland
, Helsinki

fi, Helsinki

sv, Helsingfors
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, France*

French Republic

FRA
, french: France – République française
, Paris

french: Paris
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Georgia

GEO
, ka, საქართველო (')
, Tbilisi / T'bilisi

ka, თბილისი (')
,
,
, Georgian lari
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Germany*

Federal Republic of Germany

DEU
, german: Deutschland – Bundesrepublik Deutschland
, Berlin

german: Berlin
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Greece*

Hellenic Republic

GRC
, el, Ελλάδα – Ελληνική Δημοκρατία (')
, Athens

el, Αθήνα (')
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Hungary*

HUN
, hu, Magyarország
, Budapest

hu, Budapest
,
,
, Hungarian forint
, -
,
,
, Iceland

ISL
, is, Ísland – Lýðveldið Ísland
, Reykjavík

is, Reykjavík
,
,
, Icelandic króna
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Ireland*

IRL
, en, Ireland

ga, Éire
, Dublin

ga, Baile Átha Cliath
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Italy*

Italian Republic

ITA
, it, Italia – Repubblica Italiana
, Rome

it, Roma
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Kazakhstan

Republic of Kazakhstan

KAZ
, kk, Қазақстан – Қазақстан Республикасы (')

russian: Казахстан – Республика Казахстан (')
, Astana

kk, Астана (')

russian: Астана (')
,
,
, Kazakhstani tenge
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Latvia*

Republic of Latvia

LVA
, lv, Latvija – Latvijas Republika
, Riga

lv, Rīga
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Liechtenstein

Principality of Liechtenstein

LIE
, german: Liechtenstein – Fürstentum Liechtenstein
, Vaduz

german: Vaduz
,
,
, Liechtenstein franc
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Lithuania*

Republic of Lithuania

LTU
, lt, Lietuva – Lietuvos Respublika
, Vilnius

lt, Vilnius
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Luxembourg*

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

LUX
, german: Luxemburg – Großherzogtum Luxemburg

french: Luxembourg – Grand-Duché de Luxembourg

lb, Lëtzebuerg - Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg
, Luxembourg

german: Luxemburg

french: Luxembourg

lb, Lëtzebuerg
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Malta*

Republic of Malta

MLT
, en, Malta – Republic of Malta

mt, Malta – Repubblika ta' Malta
, Valletta

mt, Valletta
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Moldova

Republic of Moldova

MDA
, ro, Moldova – Republica Moldova
, Chișinău

ro, Chișinău
,
,
, Moldovan leu
, -
,
,
, Monaco

Principality of Monaco

MCO
, french: Monaco – Principauté de Monaco
, Monaco

french: Monaco
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Montenegro

MNE
, cnr, Црна Гора (')
, Podgorica

cnr, Подгорица (')
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Netherlands*

Kingdom of the Netherlands

NLD
, nl, Nederland – Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
, Amsterdam (capital)

nl, Amsterdam

The Hague (seat of government)

nl, 's-Gravenhage / Den Haag
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, North Macedonia

Republic of North Macedonia

MKD
, mk, Северна Македонија – Република Северна Македонија (')
, Skopje

mk, Скопје (')
,
,
, Macedonian denar
, -
,
,
, Norway

Kingdom of Norway

NOR
, nb, Norge – Kongeriket Norge

nn, Noreg – Kongeriket Noreg
, Oslo

no, Oslo
,
,
, Norwegian krone
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Poland*

Republic of Poland

POL
, pl, Polska – Rzeczpospolita Polska
, Warsaw

pl, Warszawa
,
,
, Polish złoty
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Portugal*

Portuguese Republic

PRT
, pt, Portugal – República Portuguesa
, Lisbon

pt, Lisboa
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Romania*

ROU
, ro, România
, Bucharest

ro, București
,
,
, Romanian leu
, -
,
,
, Russia

Russian Federation

RUS
, russian: Россия – Российская Федерация (')
, Moscow

russian: Москва (')
,
,
, Russian ruble
, -
,
,
, San Marino

Republic of San Marino

SMR
, it, San Marino – Repubblica di San Marino
, San Marino

it, San Marino
,
,
, Euro
, -
,
,
, Serbia

Republic of Serbia

SRB
, sr, Србија – Република Србија (')
, Belgrade

sr, Београд (')
,
,
, Serbian dinar
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Slovakia*

Slovak Republic

SVK
, sk, Slovensko – Slovenská republika
, Bratislava

sk, Bratislava
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Slovenia*

Republic of Slovenia

SVN
, sl, Slovenija – Republika Slovenija
, Ljubljana

sl, Ljubljana
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Spain*

Kingdom of Spain

ESP
, es, España – Reino de España
, Madrid

es, Madrid
,
,
, Euro
, - style="background:lightcyan;"
,
,
, Sweden*

Kingdom of Sweden

SWE
, sv, Sverige – Konungariket Sverige
, Stockholm

sv, Stockholm
,
,
, Swedish krona
, -
,
,
, Switzerland

Swiss Confederation

CHE
, german: Schweiz – Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft

french: Suisse – Confédération suisse

it, Svizzera – Confederazione Svizzera

rm, Svizra – Confederaziun svizra
, Bern / Berne

german: Bern

french: Berne

Italian and Romansh: ''Berna''
,
,
, Swiss franc
, -
,
,
, Turkey

Republic of Turkey

TUR
, tr, Türkiye – Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
, Ankara

tr, Ankara
,
,
, Turkish lira
, -
,
,
, Ukraine

UKR
, uk, Украïна (')

, Kyiv

uk, Київ (')

,
,
, Ukrainian hryvnia
, -
,
,
, United Kingdom

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

GBR
, en, United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
, London
,
,
, Pound sterling
, -
,
,
, Vatican City

Vatican City State

VAT
, it, Città del Vaticano – Stato della Città del Vaticano

la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae
, Vatican City

it, Città del Vaticano
,
,
, Euro

De facto states

The following six entities in Europe have partial diplomatic recognition by one or more UN member states (and therefore are defined as states by the constitutive theory of statehood) or have no diplomatic recognition by any UN member state but are defined as states by the declarative theory of statehood. None are members of the UN, Council of Europe or EU.

} (')

russian: Абхазия - Республика Абхазия (')
, Sukhumi

ab, Аҟəа (')

russian: Суху́м(и) (')
, 250,000
,
, -
,
,
, Artsakh

Republic of Artsakh
, Claimed as part of Azerbaijan. De facto independent state, recognised by 3 non-UN states.
, hy, Արցախի Հանրապետություն (')
, Stepanakert

hy, Ստեփանակերտ (')
, 141,400
,
, -
,
,
, Kosovo

Republic of Kosovo
, Claimed by Serbia. Has been recognized as sovereign by 97 UN member states.
, sq, Kosova / Kosovë – Republika e Kosovës

sr, Косово – Република Косово (')
, Pristina

sq, Prishtina, Prishtinë

sr, Приштина (')
, 1,836,529
,
, -
,
,
, Northern Cyprus

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
, Claimed as part of the Republic of Cyprus. Recognised by Turkey.
, tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs – Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti
, North Nicosia

tr, Lefkoşa
, 294,906
,
, -
,
,
, South Ossetia

Republic of South Ossetia
, Claimed as part of Georgia. Recognised by five UN member states.
, os, Хуссар Ирыстон – Республикӕ Хуссар Ирыстон (')

russian: Южная Осетия – Республика Южная Осетия (')
, Tskhinvali

os, Цхинвал or Чъреба (')

russian: Цхинва́л(и) (')
, 70,000
,
, -
,
,
, Transnistria / Trans-Dniester

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
, Claimed as a territorial unit of Moldova. De facto independent state,. recognised by 3 non-UN states.
, ro, Transnistria – Republica Moldovenească Nistreană

russian: Приднестровье – Приднестровская Молдавская Республика (')

uk, Придністров'я – Придністровська Молдавська Республіка (')
, Tiraspol

ro, Tiraspol

russian: Тираcполь (')

uk, Тирасполь (')
, 475,373
,

Non-sovereign territories

Dependent territories

The following six European entities are dependent territories.

}
, Episkopi Cantonment
, 15,700
,
, -
,
,
, Faroe Islands / Faeroe Islands
, Constituent country of the Kingdom of Denmark
, fo, Føroyar

da, Færøerne
, Tórshavn

fo, Tórshavn

da, Thorshavn
, 54,000
,
, -
,
,
, Gibraltar
, British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory
, en, Gibraltar
, Gibraltar
, 29,185
,
, -
,
,
, Bailiwick of Guernsey, Guernsey

Bailiwick of Guernsey
, Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency in right of GuernseyQueen and Crown dependencies page of the official website of the British Monarchy
Ministry of Justice's fact sheet on the UK's relationship with the Crown Dependencies
/ref>
, en, Guernsey – Bailiwick of Guernsey

french: Guernesey – Bailliage de Guernesey

Guernésiais: ''Guernési – Bailliage de Guernési''
, Saint Peter Port

french: Saint Pierre Port

Guernésiais: ''Saint Pierre Port''
, 65,849
,
, -
,
,
, Isle of Man
, Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency in right of Man
, en, Isle of Man

gv, Mannin – Ellan Vannin
, Douglas, Isle of Man, Douglas

gv, Doolish
, 86,866
,
, -
,
,
, Jersey

Bailiwick of Jersey
, Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency in right of Jersey
, en, Jersey – Bailiwick of Jersey

french: Jersey – Bailliage de Jersey

Jèrriais: ''Jèrri – Bailliage de Jèrri''
, Saint Helier

french: Saint-Hélier

Jèrriais: ''Saint Hélyi''
, 96,513
,

Areas of special sovereignty

The following places are considered integral parts of their sovereign state, but have a political arrangement that was decided through an international agreement.

}
, Mariehamn

sv, Mariehamn
, 27,500
,
, -
,
,
, Northern Ireland
, Part of the United Kingdom, devolved government determined by the Good Friday Agreement
, en, Northern Ireland

ir, Tuaisceart Éireann

sco, Norlin Airlann
, Belfast
, 1,810,863
,
, -
,
,
, Svalbard
, Special territory of Norway, determined by the Svalbard Treaty
, no, Svalbard
, Longyearbyen

no, Longyearbyen
, 2,019
,

A State-like entity with partial diplomatic recognition

A list of State-like entities with partial diplomatic recognition with which UN member states maintain diplomatic relations.

See also

* International organisations in Europe
* Lists of European countries:
** List of European countries by area, by area
** List of European countries by GDP, by GDP
*** List of European countries by GDP per capita, by GDP per capita
*** List of European countries by GDP PPP, by GDP PPP
** List of European countries by population, by population
* List of former sovereign states#Europe, List of former sovereign states in Europe
* Predecessors of sovereign states in Europe
* Regions of Europe
* Timeline of European nations

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sovereign States And Dependent Territories in Europe, List Of
Lists of countries by continent
Lists of countries in Europe, 01
Dependent territories in Europe, .List
Europe-related lists, Sovereign states and dependent territories
Europe