Euphaedra Themis
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''Euphaedra themis'', the common Themis forester, is a
butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprise ...
in the family
Nymphalidae The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. Belonging to the superfamily Papilionoidea, they are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a red ...
. It is found in the Guinea,
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone,)]. officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Covering a total area of , Sierr ...
, Liberia, Ivory Coast,
Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and To ...
,
Togo Togo (), officially the Togolese Republic (french: République togolaise), is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, where its c ...
,
Benin Benin ( , ; french: Bénin , ff, Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (french: République du Bénin), and formerly Dahomey, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the nort ...
,
Nigeria Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
and western
Cameroon Cameroon (; french: Cameroun, ff, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (french: République du Cameroun, links=no), is a country in west-central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north; Chad to the northeast; the C ...
.Afrotropical Butterflies: Nymphalidae - Tribe Adoliadini
/ref>


Description

''E. themis'' agrees with the preceding species ''Euphaedra_cyparissa''_.html" ;"title="Euphaedra_cyparissa.html" ;"title="''Euphaedra cyparissa">''Euphaedra cyparissa'' ">Euphaedra_cyparissa.html" ;"title="''Euphaedra cyparissa">''Euphaedra cyparissa'' in the strongly developed black markings on the under surface, but the submarginal spots on the forewing beneath are placed in a quite straight line and the discal spot in cellule 2 is elongate and stands in the middle of the cellule or at least reaches the middle. The wings have a black ground-colour above and are green, blue, orange-yellow or whitish to beyond the middle of the hindwing and at the hindmargin of the forewing. The species embraces a large number of aberrations which intergrade without any sharp demarcation, but can usually be distinguished by the characters cited here. ''themis'' Hbn. (43 c). Forewing beneath with distinct light subapical band and above with red spot at the base; the subapical band on the upperside of the forewing is in the male gold-yellow, in the female yellow or whitish, moderately large, of uniform breadth or narrower at the costal margin, and consists of 3 or 4 spots in cellules 3-6. Sierra Leone to the Congo. - ab. ''permixtum'' Btlr. [now species ''Euphaedra permixtum''] only differs in having the subapical band of the forewing composed of only two spots, in cellules 3 and 4. Gaboon. - ab. ''justitia'' Stgr. [ now species ''Euphaedra justitia''] only differs from the preceding in having the yellow subapical band of the forewing very broad and rounded. Lagos to Gaboon. - ab. ''adonina'' Hew. (44 b) ow_species_''Euphaedra_adonina''.html" ;"title="Euphaedra_adonina.html" ;"title="ow species ''Euphaedra adonina">ow species ''Euphaedra adonina''">Euphaedra_adonina.html" ;"title="ow species ''Euphaedra adonina">ow species ''Euphaedra adonina'' has the hindmarginal spot of the forewing and the basal part of the hindwing above orange-yellow and the apex of the forewing more than usually produced, but otherwise agrees with ''justitia''. Old Calabar- ab. ''janetta'' Btlr. [ now species ''Euphaedra janetta''] The forewing above without red at the base; its subapical band on both surfaces gold-yellow or yellowish; both wings beneath violet-red at the base. Ashanti to Cameroons. -ab. ''reducta'' Bartel now_synonym_of_''Euphaedra_janetta''.html" ;"title="Euphaedra_janetta.html" ;"title="now synonym of ''Euphaedra janetta">now synonym of ''Euphaedra janetta''">Euphaedra_janetta.html" ;"title="now synonym of ''Euphaedra janetta">now synonym of ''Euphaedra janetta''(Butler, 1871) differs from ''janetta'' in not having the forewing beneath red at the base. Cameroons - ab. aureola Kirby (43 c, d) [ now species ''Euphaedra aureola''] is also near to ''janetta'', but the red spot at the base of the under surface is not violet-red but brick-red. Cameroons. - ab. ''campaspe'' Fldr. [now species ''Euphaedra campaspe''] The subapical band of the forewing beneath distinct and white, above in the male green, in the female white; the cliscal spots of the under surface black and distinct; on the upper surface the hindmarginal spot of the forewing and the basal part of the hindwing are dark green in the male, light green to greenish white in the female; the forewing above without red, but beneath red in the basal half of the cell. Gaboon, Congo, Angola.- ab. ''niveovittata'' Auriv. (44 b) ow_species_''Euphaedra_niveovittata''.html" ;"title="Euphaedra_niveovittata.html" ;"title="ow species ''Euphaedra niveovittata">ow species ''Euphaedra niveovittata''">Euphaedra_niveovittata.html" ;"title="ow species ''Euphaedra niveovittata">ow species ''Euphaedra niveovittata'' approaches the preceding form, but differs from it and from all the other forms of ''themis'' in having the black discal spots of the under surface absent or small and indistinct. The subapical band of the forewing is beneath white, but above light green in the male and white in the female; the large hindmarginal spot on the upperside of the forewing and the basal part of the hindwing above are golden yellow in the male, nearly white in the female; on the under surface the black spots in the cells are distinct, but the submarginal spots smaller than usual; the hindwing has the spot at the base of the costal margin brick-red and in cellule 7 a white longitudinal stripe, which is joined posteriorly to a white median transverse band; in the female the basal half of the forewing and the greater part of the hindwing are white or whitish beneath; forewing above without red at the base. Southern Congo. The last three forms differ from the rest in the forewing having a uniform green ground-colour beneath, without light subapical band; on the upper surface both the subapical band and the hindmarginal spot of the forewing are uniform dark green, as is also the basal part of the hindwing; the forewing above not red at the base; the black discal spots of the under surface are large and sharply marked and the hindwing in the middle broadly golden yellow or yellowish; the base of the costal margin of the hindwing is violet-red. - ab. ''normalis'' Stgr. (43 d). [ now species ''Euphaedra normalis''] The discal spots on the underside of the forewing are very large and are placed in a row vertically to the hindmargin, hence nearly parallel with the distal margin; the subapical band on the upper surface is completely separated from the hindmarginal spot. Sierra Leone. - ab. ''aberrans'' Stgr. now species ''Euphaedra aberrans'' only differs from ''normalis'' in having the subapical band of the forewhig joined to the hindmarginal spot by a large green spot in cellule 2. Sierra Leone. - ab. ''vetusta'' Btlr. (44 a) [ now species ''Euphaedra vetusta''] is distinguished from the two preceding by having the discal spots on the forewing beneath placed in an oblique row running towards the hinder angle. Sierra Leone and Congo. Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. ''Die Grosschmetterlinge der Erde'' Band 13: Abt. 2, ''Die exotischen Grosschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter'', 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.


Biology

The habitat consists of drier forests and disturbed forests. The larvae possibly feed on '' Deinbollia pinnata''.


Etymology

Named in the
Classical tradition The Western classical tradition is the reception of classical Greco-Roman antiquity by later cultures, especially the post-classical West, involving texts, imagery, objects, ideas, institutions, monuments, architecture, cultural artifacts, ritua ...
for the Greek goddess
Themis In Greek mythology and religion, Themis (; grc, Θέμις, Themis, justice, law, custom) is one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia and Uranus, and the second wife of Zeus. She is the goddess and personification of justice, divine order, fai ...
.


References

Butterflies described in 1807
themis In Greek mythology and religion, Themis (; grc, Θέμις, Themis, justice, law, custom) is one of the twelve Titan children of Gaia and Uranus, and the second wife of Zeus. She is the goddess and personification of justice, divine order, fai ...
Butterflies of Africa Taxa named by Jacob Hübner {{Limenitidinae-stub