Eupatorieae is a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

of over 2000D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. Klaus Kubitzky, general editor). Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Heidelberg. species of plants in the family Asteraceae. Most of the species are native to

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

, and warm

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

areas of the Americas, but some are found elsewhere.Turner,B.L.(1997). Eupatorieae. In: Turner,Billie Lee (editor) ''The Compositae of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae,'' vol.1. Phytologia Memoirs 11:i-iv,1-272. Well-known members are ''

Stevia rebaudiana ''Stevia rebaudiana'' is a plant species in the genus '' Stevia'' of the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as candyleaf, sweetleaf or sugarleaf. It is a small seasonal plant which grows to a height of . It has elongated leaves that grow a ...

'' (used as a

sugar substitute A sugar substitute is a food additive that provides a sweetness like that of sugar while containing significantly less food energy than sugar-based sweeteners, making it a zero-calorie () or low-calorie sweetener. Artificial sweeteners may be d ...

), a number of

medicinal plant Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesize hundreds of chemical compounds for various functions, including Plant defense against her ...

s (''

Eupatorium ''Eupatorium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing from 36 to 60 species depending on the classification system. Most are herbaceous perennials growing to tall. A few are shrubs. The genus is native to temperate ...

''), and a variety of late summer to autumn blooming garden flowers, including ''

Ageratum ''Ageratum'' () (whiteweed in the USA) is a genus of 40 to 60 tropical and warm temperate flowering annuals and perennials from the family Asteraceae, tribe Eupatorieae. Most species are native to Central America and Mexico but four are native ...

'' (flossflower), '' Conoclinium'' (mistflower), and ''

Liatris ''Liatris'' (), commonly known as gayfeather and blazing star. is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae native to North America (Canada, United States, Mexico and the Bahamas). Some species are used ...

'' (blazing star or gayfeather). Plants in this tribe have only

disc floret The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

s (no

ray floret The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae we ...

s) and petals which are white, slightly yellowish off-white, pink, or purple (never a full yellow). Within the aster family, the Eupatorieae are in the subfamily

Asteroideae Asteroideae is a subfamily of the plant family Asteraceae. It contains about 70% of the species of the family. It consists of several tribes, including Astereae, Calenduleae, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae, Heliantheae, Senecioneae and Tageteae. Aster ...

. Within Asteroideae, they are in the supertribe Helianthodae.Robinson,H.E. 2002. "New supertribes, Helianthodae and Senecionodae, for the subfamily Asteroideae (Asteraceae)". ''Phytologia'' 86(3):116-120 Within Helianthodae, they belong to an informal group without taxonomic rank called the

phytomelanin Phytomelanin (phytomelan) is a black, inert, organic material that forms a crust-like covering of some seeds, commonly found in Asparagales and Asteraceae but uncommon in other taxonomic groupings. Phytomelanin is found in most families of the As ...

cypsela clade, which contains 11 tribes. The sister tribe of Eupatorieae is probably Perityleae. This result received moderate statistical support (68% bootstrap percentage) in a study published in 2002.Panero,J.L., & Funk,V.A.. 2002. "Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)". ''Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington'' 115(4):909-922

Genera

The largest genera and the approximate number of species in each are: ''Mikania'' (440), ''Ageratina'' (290), ''Stevia'' (200), ''Chromolaena'' (165), ''Koanophyllon'' (120), ''Brickellia'' (100), and ''Fleischmannia'' (95). Eupatorieae genera recognized by the Global Compositae Database as April 2022: *'' Acanthostyles'' *''

Acritopappus ''Acritopappus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae described as a genus in 1972.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Je ...

'' *'' Adenocritonia'' *'' Adenostemma'' *'' Ageratella'' *''

Ageratina ''Ageratina'' (snakeroot) is a genus of more than 330 perennials and rounded shrubs in the family Asteraceae. These plants grow mainly in the warmer regions of the Americas and West Indies. Over 150 species are native to Mexico. Some flourish i ...

'' *''

'' *'' Agrianthus'' *''

Alomia ''Alomia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, described as a genus in 1818.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey ...

'' *'' Alomiella'' *'' Amboroa'' *'' Amolinia'' *''

Antillia Antillia (or Antilia) is a phantom island that was reputed, during the 15th-century age of exploration, to lie in the Atlantic Ocean, far to the west of Portugal and Spain. The island also went by the name of Isle of Seven Cities (''Ilha das S ...

'' *'' Aristeguietia'' *'' Arrojadocharis'' *'' Asanthus'' *'' Ascidiogyne'' *'' Asplundianthus'' *'' Austrobrickellia'' *'' Austrocritonia'' *''

Austroeupatorium ''Austroeupatorium'' is a genus of plants native primarily to South America, including herbaceous perennials and shrubs. The native range is focused on eastern South America and extends as far north as Panama and Trinidad and as far west as Boli ...

'' *''

Ayapana ''Ayapana'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the family Asteraceae. The species of ''Ayapana'' at times been classified in the genus ''Eupatorium''. The leaves, at least of ''Ayapana triplinervis'', are commonly used medicinally. ; Species ''A ...

'' *'' Ayapanopsis'' *'' Badilloa'' *'' Bahianthus'' *'' Barroetea'' *'' Barrosoa'' *''

Bartlettina ''Bartlettina'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are native to tropical regions of Mesoamerica and South America.Bejaranoa'' *'' Bishopiella'' *'' Bishovia'' *'' Blakeanthus'' *''

Brickellia ''Brickellia'' is a North American genus of about 100 to 110 species of plants in the family Asteraceae, known commonly as brickellbushes. They are found in Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Central America. Many species are native to the ...

'' *'' Brickelliastrum'' *'' Campovassouria'' *'' Campuloclinium'' *'' Carminatia'' *'' Carphephorus'' *'' Carphochaete'' *'' Castenedia'' *'' Catolesia'' *'' Cavalcantia'' *''

Centenaria A centenarium is a type of Ancient Roman fortified farmhouse in the Limes Tripolitanus. It is called even in the plural ''centenaria'', because in the Limes Tripolitanus there were more than 2000 of these "fortifications", connected to create a d ...

'' *''

Chacoa ''Chacoa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. Klaus Kubitz ...

'' *''

Chromolaena ''Chromolaena'' is a genus of about 165 species of perennials and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. The name is derived from the Greek language, Greek words (), meaning "color", and () or () meaning "cloak". It refers to the colored phyllaries ...

'' *'' Ciceronia'' *'' Condylidium'' *'' Condylopodium'' *''

Conocliniopsis ''Conocliniopsis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly ...

'' *'' Conoclinium'' *'' Corethamnium'' *'' Critonia'' *'' Critoniadelphus'' *'' Critoniella'' *'' Cronquistia'' *''

Cronquistianthus ''Cronquistianthus'' is a genus of shrubs native to the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The genus is named after the American botanist Arthur John Cronquist Arthur John Cronquist (March 19, 1919 – March 22, 1992) was an American b ...

'' *'' Crossothamnus'' *'' Dasycondylus'' *'' Decachaeta'' *'' Diacranthera'' *'' Dissothrix'' *'' Disynaphia'' *'' Dyscritogyne'' *''

Eitenia ''Eitenia'' is a genus of Brazilian flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. K ...

'' *'' Ellenbergia'' *'' Erythradenia'' *'' Eupatoriastrum'' *'' Eupatorina'' *'' Eupatoriopsis'' *''

'' *''

Eutrochium ''Eutrochium'' is a North American genus of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. They are commonly referred to as Joe-Pye weeds. They are native to the United States and Canada, and have non-dissected foliage and pigmented flowe ...

'' *'' Ferreyrella'' *'' Fleischmannia'' *'' Fleischmanniopsis'' *'' Flyriella'' *''

Garberia ''Garberia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing the single species ''Garberia heterophylla''.Gardnerina'' *'' Gongrostylus'' *'' Goyazianthus'' *''

Grazielia ''Grazielia'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume edi ...

'' *'' Grisebachianthus'' *'' Grosvenoria'' *'' Guayania'' *'' Guevaria'' *'' Gymnocondylus'' *''

Gymnocoronis ''Gymnocoronis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. Klaus ...

'' *''

Gyptidium ''Gyptidium'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume edi ...

'' *'' Gyptis'' *'' Hartwrightia'' *'' Hatschbachiella'' *'' Hebeclinium'' *'' Helogyne'' *'' Heterocondylus'' *'' Hofmeisteria'' *'' Hughesia'' *'' Idiothamnus'' *'' Iltisia'' *''

Imeria ''Imeria'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.Isocarpha'' *'' Jaliscoa'' *'' Jaramilloa'' *''

Kaunia ''Kaunia'' is a genus of South American shrubs or small trees in the family Asteraceae. Its range is centered in Bolivia but it is also found in Argentina, southern Brazil, Peru and Ecuador. Genus is named for Edward Kaun of Baltimore, Maryland ...

'' *'' Koanophyllon'' *'' Kyrsteniopsis'' *''

Lapidia ''Lapidia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asteral ...

'' *'' Lasiolaena'' *'' Lepidesmia'' *'' Leptoclinium'' *''

Leto In ancient Greek mythology and Ancient Greek religion, religion, Leto (; grc-gre, Λητώ , ''Lētṓ'', or , ''Lātṓ'' in Ancient Greek dialects#Provenance, Doric Greek) is a goddess and the mother of Apollo, the god of music, and Artemis ...

'' *''

'' *'' Litothamnus'' *''

Litrisa ''Litrisa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. Some taxonomists group ''Litrisa'' and ''Trilisa'' into the genus ''Carphephorus''. ;Species There is only one known species, ''Litrisa carnosa'', ...

'' *'' Lomatozona'' *'' Lorentzianthus'' *''

Lourteigia ''Lourteigia'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit ...

'' *'' Macropodina'' *'' Macvaughiella'' *''

Malmeanthus ''Malmeanthus'' is a genus of South American flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kaderei ...

'' *'' Malperia'' *'' Matudina'' *'' Metastevia'' *'' Mexianthus'' *'' Microspermum'' *''

Mikania ''Mikania'' is a genus of about 450 species of plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. The name honors the Czech botanist Johann Christian Mikan, 1743–1814. Members of the genus are stem twiners and lianas and are common ...

'' *'' Monogereion'' *'' Morithamnus'' *'' Neocabreria'' *'' Neocuatrecasia'' *'' Neohintonia'' *'' Neomirandea'' *''

Nesomia ''Nesomia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey ...

'' *'' Nothobaccharis'' *'' Oaxacania'' *'' Ophryosporus'' *'' Osmiopsis'' *'' Oxylobus'' *'' Pachythamnus'' *'' Parapiqueria'' *'' Peteravenia'' *'' Phalacraea'' *'' Phanerostylis'' *'' Phania'' *'' Piptothrix'' *'' Piqueria'' *'' Piqueriella'' *'' Piqueriopsis'' *'' Planaltoa'' *'' Platypodanthera'' *'' Pleurocoronis'' *'' Polyanthina'' *'' Praxeliopsis'' *'' Praxelis'' *'' Prolobus'' *'' Pseudobrickellia'' *'' Radlkoferotoma'' *'' Raulinoreitzia'' *''

Revealia ''Revealia'' is a genus of Mexican plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.Santosia'' *'' Sartorina'' *''

Scherya ''Scherya'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume editors. Klaus Kubitz ...

'' *'' Sciadocephala'' *'' Sclerolepis'' *''

Semiria ''Semiria'' is a genus of plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae.D.J.N.Hind & H.E.Robinson. 2007. Tribe Eupatorieae In: ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' vol.VIII. (Joachim W.Kadereit & Charles Jeffrey, volume ed ...

'' *'' Shinnersia'' *'' Siapaea'' *'' Spaniopappus'' *'' Sphaereupatorium'' *'' Standleyanthus'' *'' Stevia'' *'' Steviopsis'' *'' Steyermarkina'' *'' Stomatanthes'' *'' Stylotrichium'' *'' Symphyopappus'' *'' Tamaulipa'' *'' Teixeiranthus'' *'' Trichocoronis'' *'' Trichogonia'' *'' Trichogoniopsis'' *''

Trilisa ''Trilisa'' is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Eupatorieae within the family Asteraceae. Some taxonomists group ''Trilisa'' and ''Litrisa'' into the genus '' Carphephorus''. ; Species * ''Trilisa odoratissima'' (J.F.Gmel.) Cass. - Loui ...

'' *'' Tuberostylis'' *'' Uleophytum'' *'' Urbananthus'' *'' Urolepis'' *'' Vittetia'' *'' Zyzyura''

Classification

In 1987, Robert M. King and Harold E. Robinson wrote a book on Eupatorieae.King,R.M., and Robinson,H.E. 1987. ''The Genera of Eupatorieae'' Missouri Botanical Garden Monographs in Systematic Botany 22:1-581. Missouri Botanical Garden/Allen Press. Lawrence, Kansas, USA. In this book, they divided the tribe into 18 subtribes. These are Hofmeisteriinae, Oxylobinae, Oaxacaniinae, Mikaniinae, Trichocoroninae, Adenostemmatinae, Fleischmanniinae, Ageratinae, Eupatoriinae, Liatrinae, Praxelinae, Gyptidinae, Disynaphiinae, Ayapaninae, Alomiinae, Critoniinae, Hebecliniinae, and Neomirandeinae. In 1994, Kare Bremer did a cladistic analysis of Eupatorieae in his book on the family Asteraceae. He recognized only 16 subtribes, subsuming Neomirandeinae into Hebecliniinae. In 2007, D. J. Nicholas Hind and Harold E. Robinson covered Eupatorieae for ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants''. They recognized 17 subtribes equivalent to those of King and Robinson (1987) except that Oaxacaniinae was placed in the synonymy of Hofmeisteriinae. The division of this tribe into subtribes is provisional and likely to change when more data, especially DNA sequence data, becomes available. No DNA study has yet included a large number of species and sampled widely in Eupatorieae, but 3 studies have investigated Eupatorium and its relatives within the tribe. These 3 studies are the basis for the phylogeny shown below. In some of the older works, the genus ''

'' has been circumscribed to include as many as 1200 species, over a third of the species in the tribe. In more recent works, ''

'' has been defined to contain about 40–45 species, with the main differences between authors being whether to include ''

'' and whether certain populations should be considered species, varieties, or hybrids. As more becomes known about the Eupatorieae, other genera will surely have to be revised as well. A partial phylogeny of the tribe (focusing on ''

'' and some of the other North American genera) is: From the positions of ''Stevia'' and ''Stomatanthes'' in the phylogeny, some of the subtribes are probably polyphyletic. Many of the branches in the tree above have only weak statistical support, so this tree can not serve as a basis for re-classification. For convenience, the genera will remain in their current subtribes until a much larger data set enables the production of a more robustly supported phylogeny.

Subtribes

In terms of the number of genera, the largest subtribes are Critoniinae (40), Gyptidinae (29), Ageratinae (26), Alomiinae (23), Ayapaninae (13), and Oxylobinae (9). *Gyptidinae, found mostly in eastern Brazil, is known to be polyphyletic. Hind and Robinson divide it into 3 groups based on Gyptis, Agrianthus, and Litothamnus. Includes: '' Gyptis'', '' Trichogonia'', '' Campuloclinium'', '' Conoclinium'', '' Agrianthus'', '' Lasiolaena'', and '' Litothamnus''. *Critoniinae. Includes: '' Critonia'', '' Fleischmanniopsis'', '' Ophryosporus'', and '' Neocabreria''.

References

External links

* *
Eupatorieae
In
Ed Schilling's Website
* * *
USDA Plants
U.S. Department of Agriculture Plants Database {{Taxonbar, from=Q135371 Asteraceae tribes