''Eumolpus'' is a genus of
leaf beetles in the subfamily
Eumolpinae. It includes 40 species, most of which have a large size and include some of the largest members of the subfamily. They are distributed throughout the
Neotropical realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone.
Definition
In bioge ...
, though one species (''
Eumolpus robustus'') has been recorded as far north as
Arizona
Arizona ( ; nv, Hoozdo Hahoodzo ; ood, Alĭ ṣonak ) is a state in the Southwestern United States. It is the 6th largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is part of the Fou ...
(in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
).
Etymology
The name of the genus is either derived from the
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...
(''eúmolpos''), or is named after
Eumolpus from Greek mythology, who was the son of
Poseidon
Poseidon (; grc-gre, Ποσειδῶν) was one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth, god of the sea, storms, earthquakes and horses.Burkert 1985pp. 136–139 In pre-Olympian Bronze Age Greece, he was venerated as a ch ...
and
Chione.
Taxonomic history
The genus in its current sense is attributed to
Weber
Weber (, or ; German: ) is a surname of German origin, derived from the noun meaning " weaver". In some cases, following migration to English-speaking countries, it has been anglicised to the English surname 'Webber' or even 'Weaver'.
Notable pe ...
, 1801. However, the name ''Eumolpus'' was first used in
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger's ''Verzeichniß der Käfer Preußens'' in 1798, where it was attributed to
Johann Gottlieb Kugelann, and originally consisted of European species now placed in the genera ''
Chrysochus
''Chrysochus'' is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from North America, Europe and Asia.
Etymology
The name of the genus is derived from the Greek language, Greek word (), meaning "goldsmith".
Taxonomic history
I ...
'' and ''
Bromius
Bromius ( grc, Βρόμιος) in ancient Greece was used as an epithet of Dionysus/Bacchus. It signifies "noisy", "roaring", or "boisterous", from , to roar. According to Richard Buxton, Bromius (Bromios) is another name for a fundamental divin ...
''.
While most authors followed Weber, 1801, some recent European entomologists have followed Warchałowski, who synonymised ''Chrysochus'' with ''Eumolpus'' in 1993, designating ''Chrysomela praetiosa'' as the type species of ''Eumolpus''. This designation by Warchałowski was invalid, since
Latreille had designated ''Cryptocephalus vitis'' as the type species of ''Eumolpus'' in 1810, which placed ''Bromius'' in synonymy with ''Eumolpus''. This threatened stability for ''Eumolpus'', ''Bromius'' and ''Chrysochus''.
In 2010, an application was made to the
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 26 commissioners from 20 countries.
Orga ...
to conserve the names ''Eumolpus''
Weber, 1801, ''
Chrysochus
''Chrysochus'' is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae. It is known from North America, Europe and Asia.
Etymology
The name of the genus is derived from the Greek language, Greek word (), meaning "goldsmith".
Taxonomic history
I ...
''
Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 and ''
Bromius
Bromius ( grc, Βρόμιος) in ancient Greece was used as an epithet of Dionysus/Bacchus. It signifies "noisy", "roaring", or "boisterous", from , to roar. According to Richard Buxton, Bromius (Bromios) is another name for a fundamental divin ...
''
Chevrolat in Dejean, 1836 by suppressing the name ''Eumolpus''
Illiger, 1798, and to set aside all type species designations for ''Eumolpus'' before
Hope
Hope is an optimistic state of mind that is based on an expectation of positive outcomes with respect to events and circumstances in one's life or the world at large.
As a verb, its definitions include: "expect with confidence" and "to cherish ...
's designation of ''Chrysomela ignita''
Fabricius, 1787 in 1840. This was accepted by the ICZN in 2012.
Gallery
File:Chrysomelidae - Eumolpus candens.JPG, Mounted specimen of ''Eumolpus candens'' on display at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano
Species
The following species are described in ''Eumolpus'':
* ''
Eumolpus alutaceus''
Germar, 1824 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus antonius''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus ardens''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus australis''
Baly, 1877 – Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
* ''
Eumolpus bucki''
Špringlová, 1960 – Argentina, Uruaguay, Paraguay, Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus caesareus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus caryophorus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus clavipalpus''
( Chapuis, 1874)
** ''Eumolpus clavipalpus clavipalpus''
( Chapuis, 1874) – Brazil
** ''Eumolpus clavipalpus sigmulus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus corrientinus''
Špringlová, 1960
** ''Eumolpus corrientinus corrientinus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Argentina
** ''Eumolpus corrientinus humeralis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Paraguay
* ''
Eumolpus cupreus''
Olivier
Olivier is the French form of the given name Oliver. It may refer to:
* Olivier (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
* Olivier (surname), a list of people
* Château Olivier, a Bordeaux winery
*Olivier, Louisiana, a rural popul ...
, 1808
** ''Eumolpus cupreus cupreus''
Olivier
Olivier is the French form of the given name Oliver. It may refer to:
* Olivier (given name), a list of people and fictional characters
* Olivier (surname), a list of people
* Château Olivier, a Bordeaux winery
*Olivier, Louisiana, a rural popul ...
, 1808 – Brazil
** ''Eumolpus cupreus paulus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus cyaneus''
( Sulzer, 1776) – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus divisus''
Špringlová, 1960
** ''Eumolpus divisus divisus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
** ''Eumolpus divisus laevipleurus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
** ''Eumolpus divisus ludicrus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia
** ''Eumolpus divisus purpurascens''
Špringlová, 1960 – Argentina
** ''Eumolpus divisus recticollis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Argentina
* ''
Eumolpus episternalis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus franciscus''
Špringlová, 1960
** ''Eumolpus franciscus fortis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Argentina
** ''Eumolpus franciscus fortissimus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
** ''Eumolpus franciscus franciscus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Bolivia
* ''
Eumolpus fulgidus''
Weber
Weber (, or ; German: ) is a surname of German origin, derived from the noun meaning " weaver". In some cases, following migration to English-speaking countries, it has been anglicised to the English surname 'Webber' or even 'Weaver'.
Notable pe ...
, 1801 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus gigas''
( Herbst, 1784) – French Guiana, Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus glaberrimus''
(Gmelin Gmelin may refer to:
* Gmelin's test, a chemical test
* Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin
People
* Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...
, 1788)
** ''Eumolpus glaberrimus glaberrimus''
(Gmelin Gmelin may refer to:
* Gmelin's test, a chemical test
* Gmelin database, a German handbook/encyclopedia of inorganic compounds initiated by Leopold Gmelin
People
* Carl Christian Gmelin (1762–1837), German botanist, author of ''Flora Badensis ...
, 1788) – Trinidad, Guianas
** ''Eumolpus glaberrimus tapajosensis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
** ''Eumolpus glaberrimus tinctipes''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus ignitus''
(Fabricius Fabricius ( la, smith, german: Schmied, Schmidt) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*people from the Ancient Roman gens Fabricia:
**Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, the first of the Fabricii to move to Rome
* Johann Goldsmid (1587 ...
, 1787) – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus incisellus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia
* ''
Eumolpus insulatus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Paraguay
* ''
Eumolpus itataiensis''
Špringlová, 1960
** ''Eumolpus itataiensis itataiensis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
** ''Eumolpus itataiensis planicollis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus janus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus mauliki''
Papp, 1952 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus minutus''
Špringlová, 1960
** ''Eumolpus minutus aureolus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Paraguay, Brazil
** ''Eumolpus minutus minutus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus nitidus''
Baly, 1877
** ''Eumolpus nitidus facilis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Guianas
** ''Eumolpus nitidus nitidus''
Baly, 1877 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus olivieri''
Clavareau, 1914 – Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
* ''
Eumolpus opacus''
Špringlová, 1960
** ''Eumolpus opacus ablatus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Bolivia, Peru, Brazil,
** ''Eumolpus opacus grandis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
** ''Eumolpus opacus opacus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus oppositus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina
* ''
Eumolpus oreinoides''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus palpalis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Ecuador
* ''
Eumolpus pereirai''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus polychromus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus robustus''
(Horn
Horn most often refers to:
*Horn (acoustic), a conical or bell shaped aperture used to guide sound
** Horn (instrument), collective name for tube-shaped wind musical instruments
*Horn (anatomy), a pointed, bony projection on the head of various ...
, 1885) – United States (Arizona), Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica
* ''
Eumolpus separatus''
Baly, 1877 – Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina
* ''
Eumolpus sigmus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus sophiae''
Kolbe
Kolbe is a surname.
Those bearing it include:
* Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (1818–1884), German chemist
* Andreas Kolbe (fl. 1557), German printer, prominent in Marburg in the 1540s and 1550s
* Caroline Ridderstolpe, née Kolbe (1793–1878), S ...
, 1901 – Colombia, Venezuela
* ''
Eumolpus surinamensis''
(Fabricius Fabricius ( la, smith, german: Schmied, Schmidt) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*people from the Ancient Roman gens Fabricia:
**Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, the first of the Fabricii to move to Rome
* Johann Goldsmid (1587 ...
, 1775)
** ''Eumolpus surinamensis forcipatus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Peru
** ''Eumolpus surinamensis maracayus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Venezuela, Colombia
** ''Eumolpus surinamensis surinamensis''
(Fabricius Fabricius ( la, smith, german: Schmied, Schmidt) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*people from the Ancient Roman gens Fabricia:
**Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, the first of the Fabricii to move to Rome
* Johann Goldsmid (1587 ...
, 1775) – Trinidad, Guianas
** ''Eumolpus surinamensis viridanus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus tafti''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus truncatus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Brazil
* ''
Eumolpus viriditarsis''
Špringlová, 1960
** ''Eumolpus viriditarsis crassus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Bolivia
** ''Eumolpus viriditarsis panamae''
Špringlová, 1960 – Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica
** ''Eumolpus viriditarsis pebasus''
Špringlová, 1960 – Peru
** ''Eumolpus viriditarsis rudis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Ecuador, Peru
** ''Eumolpus viriditarsis scintillans''
Špringlová, 1960 – Peru
** ''Eumolpus viriditarsis viriditarsis''
Špringlová, 1960 – Colombia, Peru, Brazil
Species now placed in ''
Longeumolpus'':
* ''Eumolpus carinatus''
Baly, 1877
* ''Eumolpus imperialis''
Baly, 1877
* ''Eumolpus prasinus''
Erichson, 1847
* ''Eumolpus speciosus''
Baly, 1877
* ''Eumolpus subcostatus''
( Lefèvre, 1885)
References
{{Authority control
Chrysomelidae genera
Eumolpinae
Beetles of North America
Beetles of South America