''Euleia heraclei'', known as the

celery Celery (''Apium graveolens'') is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity. Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves. Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, lea ...

fly or the

hogweed Hogweed is a common name for several unrelated plants. Hogweed may refer to: * '' Heracleum'', a genus in the carrot family containing several plants often called hogweed, including: ** ''Heracleum sphondylium'', the common hogweed ** ''Heracleu ...

picture-wing fly is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus ''

Euleia ''Euleia'' is a genus of tephritid or Tephritidae, fruit flies in the family Tephritidae. ''Cryptaciura'' is considered to be a synonym of ''Euleia''. List of species * ''Euleia acrotoxa'' * ''Euleia basihyalina'' * ''Euleia contemnens'' * ''Eu ...

'' of the family

Tephritidae The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae. The family Tephritidae does not include the biological model organisms of the genus ''Drosophila'' (in the family Drosophilidae), w ...

Distribution

This species is widespread in most of

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) and in the eastern

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. It is also present in

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Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

). In Britain, the species is distributed widely across southern and central England; in Wales records are mainly near the coast.

Habitat

These small flies mainly inhabit vegetable gardens and open countrysides where the host plants grow.

Description

Mating Group Picture-wing Flies Euleia heraclei

''Euleia heraclei'' can reach a body length of . The species is dimorphic, as the color of the body is variable depending on the season. In fact the thorax and the abdomen may be shiny orange-brown or blackish.(Detailed description of fly, no ecology) They are almost black for the winter flies, while they are clear, orange-brown for the summer flies. The sides of the mesonotum have whitish longitudinal stripes. The postscutellum is black. The head has blue-green eyes. The face shows a raised longitudinal rib. These flies have rather wide wings heavily marked with brown bands. The legs are yellow-brown. Eggs are oval, white. Larvae are white, spindly shaped, up to 8 mm long.M.G. Krivosheina, N.A. Ozerov
To the biology of celery fly Euleia heraclei (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Tephritidae) — pest of alien Apiaceae species in Moscow Region
/ref>

Biology

''Euleia heraclei'' is a

bivoltine Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism. ...

species, with two generations per year. Adults can be found from April to November feeding on hogweed ('' Heracleum'' species) (hence the specific name). The males display on the upper surfaces of leaves on sunny days during April–May. Mating takes place when a female arrives. The females' winter fly lay the eggs in April and May into the leave of the host plants, a few eggs in one leaf. After 6–8 days, the eggs hatch and the larvae

mine Mine, mines, miners or mining may refer to: Extraction or digging * Miner, a person engaged in mining or digging *Mining, extraction of mineral resources from the ground through a mine Grammar *Mine, a first-person English possessive pronoun ...

the leaves, initially in a short corridor and later, a yellow or brown blotch. After four weeks, adult larvae enter into the soil at a depth of 4–5 cm. The second generation develops in September–October and overwinters in the upper layers of soil, at a depth of about 10 cm. Larvae feed on the leaves of a wide variety of plants, especially of

Apiaceae Apiaceae or Umbelliferae is a family of mostly aromatic flowering plants named after the type genus ''Apium'' and commonly known as the celery, carrot or parsley family, or simply as umbellifers. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants ...

species (''

Heracleum sphondylium ''Heracleum sphondylium'', commonly known as hogweed, common hogweed or cow parsnip, is a herbaceous perennial or biennial plant, in the umbelliferous family Apiaceae that includes fennel, cow parsley, ground elder and giant hogweed. It is nat ...

'', ''

Angelica sylvestris ''Angelica sylvestris'' or wild angelica is a species of flowering plant, native to Europe and central Asia. An annual or short-lived perennial growing to a maximum of , it has erect purplish stems and rounded umbels of minuscule white or pale p ...

'', ''

Apium graveolens Celery (''Apium graveolens'') is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity. Celery has a long fibrous stalk tapering into leaves. Depending on location and cultivar, either its stalks, lea ...

'', '' Apium nodiflorum'', '' Conium maculatum'', ''

'', ''

Pastinaca sativa The parsnip ('' Pastinaca sativa'') is a root vegetable closely related to carrot and parsley, all belonging to the flowering plant family Apiaceae. It is a biennial plant usually grown as an annual. Its long taproot has cream-colored ski ...

'', ''

Smyrnium olusatrum ''Smyrnium olusatrum'', common name alexanders (or alisander) is an edible flowering plant of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), which grows on waste ground and in hedges around the Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal regions of Europe. It was ...

'', '' Ammi'' species, '' Anthriscus cerefolium'', ''

Berula erecta ''Berula erecta'', known as lesser water-parsnip or cutleaf waterparsnip or narrow-leaved water-parsnip, is a member of the Apiaceae, carrot family. Growing to around tall, it is found in or by water. It is widespread across much of Europe, Asia ...

'', ''

Bupleurum ''Bupleurum'' is a large genus of annual or perennial herbs or woody shrubs, with about 190 species, belonging to the family Apiaceae. The full size of its species may vary between a few cm to up to 3 m high. Their compound umbels of s ...

'' species, ''

Cicuta virosa ''Cicuta virosa'', the cowbane or northern water hemlock, is a poisonous species of ''Cicuta'', native to northern and central Europe, northern Asia and northwestern North America. Description It is a perennial herbaceous plant which grows up ...

'', ''

Coriandrum sativum Coriander (;

'', ''

Daucus carota ''Daucus carota'', whose common names include wild carrot, European wild carrot, bird's nest, bishop's lace, and Queen Anne's lace (North America), is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae. It is native to temperate regions of the Old Wor ...

'', ''

Eryngium campestre ''Eryngium campestre'', known as field eryngo, or Watling Street thistle, is a species of '' Eryngium'', which is used medicinally. A member of the family Apiaceae, eryngo is a hairless, thorny perennial plant. The leaves are tough and stiff, w ...

'', '' Falcaria vulgaris'', ''

Heracleum mantegazzianum ''Heracleum mantegazzianum'', commonly known as giant hogweed, is a monocarpic perennial herbaceous plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. ''H. mantegazzianum'' is also known as cartwheel-flower, giant cow parsley, giant cow parsnip, or hogs ...

'', '' Levisticum officinale'', ''

Ligusticum scoticum ''Ligusticum scoticum'', known as Scots lovage, or Scottish licorice-root, is a perennial flowering plant in the celery family Apiaceae (previously Umbelliferae) found near the coasts of northern Europe and north-eastern North America. It grows u ...

'', etc.). They are considered a pest of celery (''

'') and parsnips (''

''), where they damage the plant by

mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic via ...

the leaves.

References

External links

* Mark Golle
The Complete Garden Wildlife Book
* Bloomsbur
Concise Garden Wildlife Guide
{{Taxonbar, from=Q141334 heraclei Agricultural pest insects Diptera of Africa Diptera of Asia Diptera of Europe Flies described in 1758 Leaf miners Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Articles containing video clips