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''Euhadra'' is a
* ''
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis 1.jpg, '' Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis''
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis 2.jpg, '' Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis''
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola.jpg, '' Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola''
Image:Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana.jpg, ''
Sinistral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include:
* ''
かたつむりの世界〈マイマイ属〉
''The world of land snails (Euhadra) in Japan''. Nagoya, Kinmirai-sha. 332 pp. (with English introduction) * Yamazaki N., Ueshima R., Terrett J. A., Yokobori S., Kaifu M., Segawa R., Kobayashi T., Numachi K., Ueda T., Nishikawa K., Watanabe K. & Thomas R. H. (1997). "Evolution of pulmonate gastropod mitochondrial genomes: comparisons of complete gene organizations of ''Euhadra'', ''Cepaea'' and ''Albinaria'' and implications of unusual tRNA secondary structures". ''Genetics'' 145: 749-758. * Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of air-breathing land snail
A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells (those without shells are known as ...
s, terrestrial pulmonate
Pulmonata or pulmonates, is an informal group (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group includ ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995784 on 2021-02-08
(This snail genus was previously placed in the family Eulotidae).
A few of the species in this genus are unusual in that specimens in those species always have left-handed "sinistral" coiling in their shells, as shown in the specimen on the right. The rest of the species in the genus are right-handed or "dextral" in the shell coiling, as is usually the case in the great majority of gastropods.
Distribution
These snails are almost endemic toJapan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
, but one of them are distributed in Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
.
Species
Most species in this genus have adextral
Sinistral and dextral, in some scientific fields, are the two types of chirality ("handedness") or relative direction. The terms are derived from the Latin words for "left" (''sinister'') and "right" (''dexter''). Other disciplines use different ...
shell and 5 species are sinistral.
Dextral species
Dextral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include: * ''Euhadra amaliae
''Euhadra amaliae'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae.
Anatomy
This species of snail makes and uses love darts as part of its mating behavior.
Distribution
This sn ...
'' (Kobelt, 1875)
* '' Euhadra awaensis'' (Pilsbry, 1902)
* ''Euhadra brandtii
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Registe ...
'' (Kobelt, 1875)
* ''Euhadra callizona
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' (Crosse, 1871)
* '' Euhadra caspari'' (Möllendorff, 1884)
* '' Euhadra cecillei'' (Philippi, 1849)
* '' Euhadra congenita'' (E. A. Smith, 1878)
* ''Euhadra cyclolabris
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Registe ...
'' Möllendorff, 1899
* ''Euhadra dixoni
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Registe ...
'' (Pilsbry, 1900)
* ''Euhadra eoa
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed th ...
'' (Crosse, 1868)
* ''Euhadra granulifera
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' (Möllendorff, 1888)
* ''Euhadra herklotsi
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' (Martens, 1861)
* ''Euhadra idzumonis
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' (Pilsbry & Gulick, 1900)
* ''Euhadra kunoensis
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' Kuroda in Masuda & Habe, 1989
* ''Euhadra latispira
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1909)
** ''Euhadra latispira yagurai
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' Kuroda & Habe, 1949* ''
Euhadra luhuana
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1839)
* ''Euhadra moreletiana
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regi ...
'' (Heude, 1882)
* '' Euhadra nachicola'' Kuroda, 1929
* '' Euhadra nesiotica'' (Pilsbry, 1902)
* † '' Euhadra pachya'' (Pilsbry, 1902)
* ''Euhadra peliomphala
''Euhadra peliomphala'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae.
This species is endemic to Japan. The species exhibits exceptional geographical variation in its mitochondri ...
'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850)
* ''Euhadra sadoensis
''Euhadra sadoensis'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is found in Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island ...
'' (Pilsbry & Y. Hirase, 1903)
* '' Euhadra sandai'' (Kobelt, 1879)
* '' Euhadra schmackeri'' (Möllendorff, 1888)
* '' Euhadra senckenbergiana'' (Kobelt, 1875)
** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana aomoriensis'' (Gulick & Pilsbry, 1900)
** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana ibukicola''
** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana notoensis''
** '' Euhadra senckenbergiana minoensis''
** ''Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Registe ...
''
* '' Euhadra sigeonis'' Kuroda, 1944
* ''Euhadra subnimbosa
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Registe ...
'' (Kobelt, 1894)
* † ''Euhadra takarajimana
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regis ...
'' M. Azuma & Y. Azuma, 1985
* ''Euhadra tokarainsula
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Regis ...
'' Minato & Habe, 1982
* '' Euhadra yakushimana'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903)
Euhadra senckenbergiana senckenbergiana
''Euhadra'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Bradybaeninae of the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Euhadra Pilsbry, 1890. Accessed through: World Registe ...
''
Sinistral species
Sinistral species in the genus ''Euhadra'' include:
* ''Euhadra decorata
''Euhadra decorata'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a Terrestrial animal, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is found in List of non-marine molluscs of Japan, Japan.
The gastropod shell, ...
'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903)
* '' Euhadra grata'' (Gude, 1900)
** '' Euhadra grata echigoensis'' Murayama, Takizawa & Habe, 1991
* '' Euhadra murayamai'' Habe, 1976
* ''Euhadra quaesita
''Euhadra quaesita'', common name, the sought-after false hadra, is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bradybaenidae. This species is found in Japan.
This species is unusual in that it ...
'' (Deshayes, 1850), Sought-after False Hadra
* '' Euhadra scaevola'' (Martens, 1877)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Euhadra amphidroma'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Trichocathaica amphidroma'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra carphochroa'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena carphochroa'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra eris'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena eris
''Bradybaena'' is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, or terrestrial molluscs in the family Bradybaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bradybaena H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://ww ...
'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra halpozona'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena halpozona
''Bradybaena'' is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, or terrestrial molluscs in the family Bradybaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bradybaena H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://w ...
'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra hickonis'' Kobelt, 1879: synonym of ''Euhadra congenita'' (E. A. Smith, 1878) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra iwadensis'' Toba & Kuroda, 1936: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra kanmuriensis'' Azuma & Tada, 1969: synonym of ''Euhadra sandai communis'' Pilsbry, 1928 (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra kanoi'' Kuroda, 1932: synonym of '' Nesiohelix kanoi'' (Kuroda, 1932) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra koreana'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850): synonym of ''Fruticicola koreana
''Fruticicola'' is a genus of medium-sized, air-breathing land snails, which are terrestrial molluscs in the tribe Bradybaenini of the subfamily Bradybaeninae in the family Camaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Fruticicola Held, 18 ...
'' (L. Pfeiffer, 1850)
* ''Euhadra micromphala'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena micromphala'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pekanensis'' H. Rolle, 1911: synonym of '' Satsuma pekanensis'' (H. Rolle, 1911) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pseudocampylaea'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena pseudocampylaea
''Bradybaena'' is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, or terrestrial molluscs in the family Bradybaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bradybaena H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://w ...
'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra pseudopapuina'' Möllendorff, 1901: synonym of '' Aegista pseudopapuina'' (Möllendorff, 1901) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra strauchiana'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena strauchiana'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra strictotaenia'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of ''Bradybaena strictotaenia
''Bradybaena'' is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, or terrestrial molluscs in the family Bradybaenidae. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Bradybaena H. Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://w ...
'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra tenuitesta'' Möllendorff, 1899: synonym of '' Bradybaena tenuitesta'' (Möllendorff, 1899) (original combination)
* ''Euhadra tobai'' S. Hirase, 1929: synonym of ''Euhadra decorata decorata'' (Pilsbry & Hirase, 1903) (junior synonym)
* ''Euhadra tokarana'' Azuma, 1982: synonym of ''Euhadra tokarainsula tokarainsula'' Minato & Habe, 1982
References
Further reading
* * Ueshima R. & Asami T. (16 October 2003). "Evolution: Single-gene speciation by left–right reversal". ''Nature'' 425: 679. * Kawana M. (2007)かたつむりの世界〈マイマイ属〉
''The world of land snails (Euhadra) in Japan''. Nagoya, Kinmirai-sha. 332 pp. (with English introduction) * Yamazaki N., Ueshima R., Terrett J. A., Yokobori S., Kaifu M., Segawa R., Kobayashi T., Numachi K., Ueda T., Nishikawa K., Watanabe K. & Thomas R. H. (1997). "Evolution of pulmonate gastropod mitochondrial genomes: comparisons of complete gene organizations of ''Euhadra'', ''Cepaea'' and ''Albinaria'' and implications of unusual tRNA secondary structures". ''Genetics'' 145: 749-758. * Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16th, 2017
External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q11339789 Camaenidae