The euglyphids are a prominent group of filose

amoeba An amoeba (; less commonly spelled ameba or amœba; plural ''am(o)ebas'' or ''am(o)ebae'' ), often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudop ...

e that produce shells or

tests Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film), ...

from

siliceous Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula , most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one ...

scales, plates, and sometimes spines. These elements are created within the cell and then assembled on its surface in a more or less regular arrangement, giving the test a textured appearance. There is a single opening for the long slender

pseudopod A pseudopod or pseudopodium (plural: pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consist of actin filament ...

s, which capture food and pull the cell across the substrate. Euglyphids are common in soils,

marsh A marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than woody plant species.Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 497 p Marshes can often be found a ...

es, and other organic-rich environments, feeding on tiny organisms such as

bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometr ...

. The test is generally 30-100 μm in length, although the cell only occupies part of this space. During reproduction a second shell is formed opposite the opening, so both daughter cells remain protected. Different genera and species are distinguished primarily by the form of the test. ''

Euglypha ''Euglypha'' is a genus of cercozoa Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic level, and are instead defined by molecular phylogenies of rRNA and actin or poly ...

'' and ''

Trinema ''Trinema'' is a genus of cercozoa. It includes the species ''Trinema lineare ''Trinema'' is a genus of cercozoa Cercozoa is a phylum of diverse single-celled eukaryotes. They lack shared morphological characteristics at the microscopic lev ...

'' are the most common. The euglyphids are traditionally grouped with other amoebae. However, genetic studies instead place them with various amoeboid and flagellate groups, forming an assemblage called the Cercozoa. Their closest relatives are the thaumatomonads, flagellates that form similar siliceous tests.

Phylogeny

Phylogeny based on Chatelain et al. 2013

Taxonomy

Order Euglyphida Copeland 1956 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997 * Genus '' Tracheleuglypha'' Deflandre 1928 * Genus '' Ampullataria'' van Oye 1956 * Genus '' Euglyphidion'' Bonnet 1960 * Genus '' Heteroglypha'' Thomas & Gauthier-Lièvre 1959 * Genus '' Matsakision'' Bonnet 1967 * Genus '' Pareuglypha'' Penard 1902 * Family

Paulinellidae ''Paulinella'' is a genus of at least eleven species including both freshwater and marine amoeboids. Its most famous members are the three photosynthetic species ''P. chromatophora'', ''P. micropora'' and ''P. longichromatophora'', the first tw ...

de Saedeleer 1934 emend. Adl et al. 2012 ** Genus '' Micropyxidiella'' Tarnawski & Lara 2015 ** Genus '' Ovulinata'' Anderson, Rogerson & Hannah 1997 'Ovulina'' Anderson, Rogerson & Hannah 1996 non Ehrenberg 1845** Genus ''

Paulinella ''Paulinella'' is a genus of at least eleven species including both freshwater and marine amoeboids. Its most famous members are the three photosynthetic species ''P. chromatophora'', ''P. micropora'' and ''P. longichromatophora'', the first tw ...

'' Lauterborn 1895 * Family

Cyphoderiidae Imbricatea is a class of Rhizaria characterised by silica scales. It is sometimes described as "Imbricatea/Silicofilosea", due to the similarity of those two groupings. Imbricatea is divided into the orders Euglyphida and Thaumatomonadida Tha ...

de Saedeleer 1934 ** Genus '' Campascus'' Leidy 1877 ** Genus '' Corythionella'' Golemansky 1970 ** Genus ''

Cyphoderia ''Cyphoderia'' is a genus of marine cercozoa. It used to include ''Cyphoderia margaritacea'', which is now considered a synonym for ''C. ampulla''. References

* Cercozoa genera Imbricatea {{Cercozoa-stub ...

'' Schlumberger 1845 ** Genus '' Messemvriella'' Golemansky 1973 ** Genus '' Pseudocorythion'' Valkanov 1970 ** Genus '' Schaudinnula'' Awerintzew 1907 * Suborder Euglyphina Bovee 1985 emend. Kosakyan et al. 2016 ** Family Assulinidae Lara et al. 2007 *** Genus '' Assulina'' Ehrenberg 1872 *** Genus '' Placocista'' Leidy 1879 *** Genus '' Valkanovia'' Tappan 1966 'Euglyphella'' Valkanov 1962 non Warthin 1934** Family

Euglyphidae Imbricatea is a class of Rhizaria characterised by silica scales. It is sometimes described as "Imbricatea/Silicofilosea", due to the similarity of those two groupings. Imbricatea is divided into the orders Euglyphida The euglyphids are a pro ...

Wallich 1864 emend Lara et al. 2007 *** Genus ''

'' Dujardin 1841 *** Genus '' Scutiglypha'' Foissner & Schiller 2001 ** Family Sphenoderiidae Chatelain et al. 2013 *** Genus '' Deharvengia'' Bonnet 1979 *** Genus '' Sphenoderia'' Schlumberger 1845 *** Genus '' Trachelocorythion'' Bonnet 1979 ** Family

Trinematidae Imbricatea is a class of Rhizaria characterised by silica scales. It is sometimes described as "Imbricatea/Silicofilosea", due to the similarity of those two groupings. Imbricatea is divided into the orders Euglyphida The euglyphids are a pro ...

Hoogenraad & De Groot 1940 emend Adl et al. 2012 *** Genus '' Corythion'' Taránek 1882 *** Genus '' Neopileolus'' Ozdikmen 2009 'Pileolus'' Coûteaux & Chardez 1981*** Genus '' Playfairina'' Thomas 1961 *** Genus '' Puytoracia'' Bonnet, 1970 non Raabe 1972 *** Genus ''

'' Dujardin 1841

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q148779 Imbricatea Cercozoa orders Amoeboids