Eugenio Tanzi (26 January 1856 – 18 January 1934) was one of the most influential Italian psychiatrists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Life

Born in Trieste, then part of the Austrian Empire, he studied medicine at the University of Padua then at the University of Graz. His Italian nationalism prevented him working in medicine in Trieste and so he instead began his psychiatric training in

Reggio Emilia Reggio nell'Emilia ( egl, Rèz; la, Regium Lepidi), usually referred to as Reggio Emilia, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, and known until 1861 as Reggio di Lombardia, is a city in northern Italy, in the Emilia-Romagna region. It has abou ...

under the guidance of the Bolognese neurologist and psychiatrist

Augusto Tamburini Augusto is an Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish given name or surname. Notable people with the name include: *Augusto Aníbal *Augusto dos Anjos *Augusto Arbizo *Augusto Barbera (born 1938), Italian law professor, politician and judge *Augusto B ...

, whose school united organisational and scientific skills. Tanzi conformed to this school, taking a

biological Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary in ...

approach to psychiatry. In 1893 he became professor of psychiatry at the University of Cagliari and two years later professor of psychiatry at the University of Florence, where he remained for the rest of his career and where he conducted a series of experiments on neurology and

neuropsychology Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology concerned with how a person's cognition and behavior are related to the brain and the rest of the nervous system. Professionals in this branch of psychology often focus on how injuries or illnesses of t ...

. Whilst in Florence he also became one of the first in Europe to support Santiago Ramón y Cajal's neuron theory, destined to play a fundamental role in the development of neuroscience., and became superintendent of the San Salvi asylum. In 1896 Tanzi, Tamburini and

Enrico Morselli Enrico "Henry" Agostino Morselli (17 July 1852 - 18 February 1929) was an Italian physician and psychical researcher. Morselli was professor at the University of Turin. He is best known for the publication of his influential book, ''Suicide: An ...

founded the ''Rivista di Patologia Nervosa e Mentale'' (RPNM), one of the first Italian reviews on neuropsychiatry. Tanzi's own best-known works include a co-study with Riva on paranoia (1884), whilst he co-published the two-volume ''Trattato delle malattie mentali'' (''Treatise on Mental Maladies'') with his former student Ernesto Lugaro in 1904, with the latter remaining a central text for Italian psychiatry until the late 1920s and a long-term influence on psychopathology and psychiatric clinics. In 1907 he became secretary-general of the ''Società Italiana di Neurologia'' and was initiated into the 'Universo' Masonic Lodge in Rome. In 1929 Tanzi,

Charles Scott Sherrington Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was an eminent English neurophysiologist. His experimental research established many aspects of contemporary neuroscience, including the concept of the spinal reflex as a system ...

and Ivan Pavlov were made honorary members of the British

Royal College of Psychiatry The Royal College of Psychiatrists is the main professional organisation of psychiatrists in the United Kingdom, and is responsible for representing psychiatrists, for psychiatric research and for providing public information about mental health ...

. He died in Salò days before his seventieth birthday.

Works

* ''La paranoia. Contributo alla teoria delle degenerazioni psichiche'', con Gaetano Riva, Reggio Emilia, Tipografia di Stefano Calderini e figlio, 1886. * ''I neologismi degli alienati in rapporto col delirio cronico'', Reggio Emilia, Tipografia di Stefano Calderini e figlio, 1889. * ''I progressi della psichiatria, Un nuovo capitolo della chirurgia cerebrale. Rivista sintetica'', Firenze, Le Monnier, 1891. * ''I fatti e le induzioni nell'odierna istologia del sistema nervoso. Rassegna critica'', Reggio Emilia, Tipografia di Stefano Calderini e figlio, 1893. * ''Il misticismo nelle religioni, nell'arte e nella pazzia'', Firenze, : Tipografia Cooperativa, 1899. * ''Una teoria dell'allucinazione'', Firenze, Società Tipografica Fiorentina, 1901. * ''La legge sui manicomi e sugli alienati'', Bologna, Zamorani e Albertazzi, 1903. * ''Trattato delle malattie mentali'', Fasc. 1–8, Milano, Società Editrice Libraria, 1904. * ''Trattato delle malattie mentali'', Fasc. 9–20 (fine), Milano, Società Editrice Libraria, 1904. * ''Psichiatria forense'', Milano, Vallardi, 1911. * ''Il caso giudiziario di Tullio Murri. Considerazioni generali e parere psichiatrico'', Bologna, Tipografia Succ. Monti e Noè, 1915.

Note

Bibliography

* Vittorio Challiol, Tanzi, Eugenio '' Enciclopedia Italiana'' (1937),

Istituto dell'Enciclopedia italiana Treccani The ''Enciclopedia Italiana di Scienze, Lettere e Arti'' (Italian language, Italian for "Italian Encyclopedia of Science, Letters, and Arts"), best known as ''Treccani'' for its developer Giovanni Treccani or ''Enciclopedia Italiana'', is an I ...

* Berlucchi, G. (2002). ''The Origin of the Term plasticity in the Neurosciences: Ernesto Lugaro and Chemical Synaptic Transmission''. Journal for the History of Neurosciences, Vol. XI, 3, pp. 305–309 (5). * Glickstein, M. (2006). ''Golgi and Cajal: The neuron doctrine and the 100th anniversary of the 1906 Nobel Prize''. Current Biology, Vol. XVI, 5, pp. 147–151. * Peccarisi, C., Boeri, R., Salmaggi, A. (1994). ''Eugenio Tanzi and the beginnings of European Neurology''. Journal for the History of Neurosciences, Vol. III, 3, pp. 177–185. * Salomone, G., Arnone, R., Zanchin, G. (1996). ''The Società Italiana di Neurologia: origins''. The Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, Vol. XVII, 4, pp. 311–319. * Tanzi, E. (1898). ''Sulle modificazione morfologiche funzionali dei dendriti delle cellule nervose''. Rivista di Patologia Nervosa e Mentale, 3, pp. 337–359. {{DEFAULTSORT:Tanzi, Eugenio 1856 births 1934 deaths Physicians from Trieste Italian psychiatrists Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Italy