Eugen Oswald (16 October 1826 – 16 October 1912), was a German

journalist A journalist is an individual that collects/gathers information in form of text, audio, or pictures, processes them into a news-worthy form, and disseminates it to the public. The act or process mainly done by the journalist is called journalism ...

translator Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...

teacher A teacher, also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator, is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue, via the practice of teaching. ''Informally'' the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. whe ...

and

philologist Philology () is the study of language in oral and written historical sources; it is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics (with especially strong ties to etymology). Philology is also defined as th ...

who participated in the

German revolutions of 1848–49 German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

Biography

Oswald was born in Heidelberg. His father ''August Carl Oswald'', publisher for the university and his mother ''Christiane Brédé''. Oswald was the youngest child of the five children of the family. He visited the ''Kurfürst-Friedrich-Gymnasium Heidelberg''. After

A level The A-Level (Advanced Level) is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education, as well as a school leaving qualification offered by the educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the educational aut ...

he studied

Jurisprudence Jurisprudence, or legal theory, is the theoretical study of the propriety of law. Scholars of jurisprudence seek to explain the nature of law in its most general form and they also seek to achieve a deeper understanding of legal reasoning a ...

at the

University of Heidelberg } Heidelberg University, officially the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, (german: Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; la, Universitas Ruperto Carola Heidelbergensis) is a public research university in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, ...

. He was a

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

with democratic beliefs. He participated in the revolutionary movement in

Baden Baden (; ) is a historical territory in South Germany, in earlier times on both sides of the Upper Rhine but since the Napoleonic Wars only East of the Rhine. History The margraves of Baden originated from the House of Zähringen. Baden is ...

in 1848-1849. He published in the „Mannheimer Abendzeitung“. After the defeat of the Baden uprising, Eugen Oswald emigrated to

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

in 1849. Together with

Edgar Quinet Edgar Quinet (; 17 February 180327 March 1875) was a French historian and intellectual. Biography Early years Quinet was born at Bourg-en-Bresse, in the ''département'' of Ain. His father, Jérôme Quinet, had been a commissary in the army, b ...

he wrote for the monthly newspaper „La Liberté de penser“. After

Napoleon III Napoleon III (Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first President of France (as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte) from 1848 to 1852 and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870. A nephew ...

French coup d'état of 1851 French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

he was sent to

Mazas Prison The Mazas Prison (French: ''Prison de Mazas'') was a prison in Paris, France. Designed by architects Émile Gilbert and Jean-François-Joseph Lecointe, it was inaugurated in 1850 and located near the Gare de Lyon, on the Diderot boulevard. The bu ...

and wrote there his „Gefängnisbetrachtungen über Frankreich“. He was expelled from France and go to London. The publisher of the „Mannheimer Abendzeitung“ Jean Pierre Grohe and Oswald were condemned of

High treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...

on 24 August 1854 by the Hofgericht

Mannheim Mannheim (; Palatine German: or ), officially the University City of Mannheim (german: Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 2 ...

. Oswald for 4 years

House of correction The house of correction was a type of establishment built after the passing of the Elizabethan Poor Law (1601), places where those who were "unwilling to work", including vagrants and beggars, were set to work. The building of houses of correctio ...

or 2 years and 8 month

Solitary confinement Solitary confinement is a form of imprisonment in which the inmate lives in a single cell with little or no meaningful contact with other people. A prison may enforce stricter measures to control contraband on a solitary prisoner and use additi ...

. His first job he got at

University College School ("Slowly but surely") , established = , closed = , type = Public schoolIndependent day school , religion = , president = , head_label = Headmaster , head = Mark Beard , r_head_label = , r_hea ...

. In England he named himself since 1868 "Eugene Oswald". His translation ''The Sphere and Duties of Government'' influenced

John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873) was an English philosopher, political economist, Member of Parliament (MP) and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism, he contributed widely to ...

for his book „

On Liberty ''On Liberty'' is a philosophical essay by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill. Published in 1859, it applies Mill's ethical system of utilitarianism to society and state. Mill suggests standards for the relationship between authority an ...

“. 1857 he was employed at the

Royal Naval College, Greenwich The Royal Naval College, Greenwich, was a Royal Navy training establishment between 1873 and 1998, providing courses for naval officers. It was the home of the Royal Navy's staff college, which provided advanced training for officers. The equiv ...

as an instructor. He taught at the ''Working Men´s College'' and was president of the ''Carlyle Society''. 1870/1871 he helped Marx and Engels to defeat the

Paris Commune The Paris Commune (french: Commune de Paris, ) was a revolutionary government that seized power in Paris, the capital of France, from 18 March to 28 May 1871. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the French National Guard had defended ...

during the Franco-Prussian War. In 1874 he got the

Doctor (title) Doctor is an academic title that originates from the Latin word of the same spelling and meaning. The word is originally an agentive noun of the Latin verb 'to teach'. It has been used as an academic title in Europe since the 13th century, w ...

from the

University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (german: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded ...

. He wrote for ''Meyer's Konversations-Lexikon''. In 1892, he taught Prince Albert the later King

George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until Death and state funeral of George VI, his death in 1952. ...

in German language. In 1907, he helped to translate letters of

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 21 ...

. He died on October 16, 1912, in London. He was one of the founders of the English Goethe Society and a friend of

Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist, critic of political economy, and socialist revolutionary. His best-known titles are the 1848 ...

and

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ,"Engels"
'' Bodleian Library The Bodleian Library () is the main research library of the University of Oxford, and is one of the oldest libraries in Europe. It derives its name from its founder, Sir Thomas Bodley. With over 13 million printed items, it is the second- ...

bought a collection of letters written to Eugen Oswald by prominent liberals and socialists.

Works

* ''L´insurrection badoise dans ses rapports avec la révolution allemande''. In: ''La Liberté de penser. Revue démocratique''. No. 30. 15 May 1850, p. 565–581 and No. 33. 15 August 1850. p. 225–248. * ''Études sur la Russie. La commune ruale, avenir de la Russie''. In: ''La Liberté de penser. Revue démocratique''. No. 40 and 43. Paris 1851. * ''Gefängnisbetrachtungen über Frankreich''. New York 1852. * ''The Sphere and Duties of Government. Translated from the German of Baron

Wilhelm von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Christian Karl Ferdinand von Humboldt (, also , ; ; 22 June 1767 – 8 April 1835) was a Prussian philosopher, linguist, government functionary, diplomat, and founder of the Humboldt University of Berlin, which was named after ...

by Joseph Coulthard''. John Chapman, London 1854
Digitalisat
* ''A German reading book, with notes''. George Routledge, London 1857
Digitalisat
* ''Ueber

Ossian Ossian (; Irish Gaelic/Scottish Gaelic: ''Oisean'') is the narrator and purported author of a cycle of epic poems published by the Scottish poet James Macpherson, originally as ''Fingal'' (1761) and ''Temora'' (1763), and later combined under t ...

''. In: ''Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen''. Ed. by Ludwig Herrig. Georg Westmann, Braunschweig 1857, p. 45–80 and p. 296–402. * ''Austria in 1868. Reprinted from the „English Leader“. Trübner & Co., London 1868. * ''Essays on Early German Books of Courtesy''. In: ''Early English Text Society'' Extra ser. No. 8. Nicolaus Trübner in Commission, London 1869. * Karl Bürkli: ''Direct Legislation by the People, versus representative Government, translated from the original Swiss Pamphlets'' by Eugene Oswald. Cherry & Fletcher, London 1869. * Ch., Eug. Oswald: ''To the People of France and of Germany''. London 1870. leaflet * Ch. Cassal, Eug. Oswald: ''Peuple Alleman!'' London 1870. leaflet * Ch. Cassal, Eug. Oswald: ''An das französische Volk!!'' London 1870. leaflet * '' A. M. Thiers, en mission extraordinaire, dans les intérêts de la paix, près la Cour de St. James''. (Quatrième édition.). London 1870. leaflet * ''German Poetry for schools, and the home circle. With English notes, etc. Selected and arranged'' by Eugene Oswald. T. J. Allman, London 1870. * ''To the chairman of the council of the Working Men's College''. 1873
Digitalisat
*

Walter Savage Landor Walter Savage Landor (30 January 177517 September 1864) was an English writer, poet, and activist. His best known works were the prose ''Imaginary Conversations,'' and the poem "Rose Aylmer," but the critical acclaim he received from contempora ...

: ''Männer und Frauen des Wortes und der That, im Gespräch zusammengeführt. Auswahl und Uebersetzung aus den Imagenery Conversations of literary Men and Statesmen durch Eugen Oswald von Heidelberg''. Ferdinand Schönigh, Paderborn 1878. * ''Hamlet und kein Ende. Zur Geschichte des Hamlet-Dramas''. In: ''Das Magazin für die Literatur des In und Auslandes''. 1881. * ''

Thomas Carlyle Thomas Carlyle (4 December 17955 February 1881) was a Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher. A leading writer of the Victorian era, he exerted a profound influence on 19th-century art, literature and philosophy. Born in Ecclefechan, Dum ...

. Ein Lebensbild und Goldkörner aus seinen Werken. Dargestellt, ausgewählt, übertragen'' durch Eugen Oswald. W. Friedrich, Leipzig 1882. * ''Englische Litteratur 1881–1882''. In: ''Meyer´s Konversations-Lexikon. Eine Encyklopädie des Allgemeinen Wissens''. Dritte gänzlich umgearb. Auflage, Neunzehnter Band. Jahres–Supplement 1881–1882, Leipzig 1882, p. 274–278. * ''Der Positivismus in England''. (Aus dem Aprilheft 1884 von „Auf der Höhe“). Leipzig 1884. * ''Nora und was aus dem Puppenheim ward''. Nach dem Englischen des

Walter Besant Sir Walter Besant (14 August 1836 – 9 June 1901) was an English novelist and historian. William Henry Besant was his brother, and another brother, Frank, was the husband of Annie Besant. Early life and education The son of wine merchant Will ...

von Eugen Oswald. Kloß, Hamburg 1891. *

Chamisso Adelbert von Chamisso (; 30 January 178121 August 1838) was a German poet and botanist, author of ''Peter Schlemihl'', a famous story about a man who sold his shadow. He was commonly known in French as Adelbert de Chamisso (or Chamissot) de Bonc ...

. Life poems Faust Schlemihl. In: Publications of the English Goethe Society. Vol. 7.1893, p. 108–143. * ''The Browning Birthday Book. With an introduction'' by Eugene Oswald. M. Ward & Co., London 1897. * ''

Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as treat ...

in England and America. Biography''. D. Nutt, London 1899. (=''Publications of the English Goethe Society'' Vol. 8) ** ''Goethe in England and America. Biography''. Ed. by Ella and Lina Oswald. Alexander Moring, London 1909. (=''Publications of the English Goethe Society'' Vol. 10) * ''Goethe commemoration''. Edited by Eugene Oswald. London 1900. (=''Publications of the English Goethe Society''. Vol. 9) * ''The legend of fair Helen as told by

Homer Homer (; grc, Ὅμηρος , ''Hómēros'') (born ) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the ''Iliad'' and the ''Odyssey'', two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the ...

, Goethe and others. A study''. John Murray, London 1905
Digitalisat
* ''Thomas Carlyle, noch einmal. (Sonderdruck aus Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen)''. Georg Westermann, Braunschweig 1904. * ''Land und Leute in England''. Zusammengestellt von Carl Neubert. Neubearbeitet durch Eugen Oswald. 3. bearbeitete Ed. Langenscheidtsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin-Schöneberg 1906. (=''Methode Toussaint. Langenscheidt Sachwörterbücher'') * ''Reminiscences of a busy life. With Illustrations''. Alexander Moring, London 1911.

References

External links

* Wanted poster for Eugen Oswald 185
''Anzeiger für die politische Polizei Deutschlands''. Dresden 1855, p. 59. Digitalisat

Oswald an Herman Grimm 23. October 1887
* ''Oswald, Eugen''. In ''Kürschners Deutscher Literatur-Kalender auf das Jahr 1904''. Ed. Heinrich Klenz. G. J. Göschen'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1904, p. 60
Digitalisat
* Oswald, Eugene (1826–1912), teacher and write
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
* Les rédacteurs de la revue ''La Liberté de penser'' [1847-1851
Digitalisat pdf
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oswald, Eugen 1826 births 1912 deaths Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Baden Immigrants to the United Kingdom German journalists German male journalists German male writers Immigrants to France Writers from Heidelberg

Biography

Works

References

Further reading

External links