Eudocima Phalonia

''Eudocima phalonia'', the common fruit-piercing moth, is a fruit piercing moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 ''Centuria Insectorum''. It is found in large parts of the tropics, mainly in Asia, Africa and Australia but introduced into other areas such as Hawaii, New Zealand and the Society Islands. It is one of major fruit pests in the world.

Description

The wingspan is about 80–94 mm in male. Palpi with third joint long and spatulate at extremity. Forewings with non-crenulate cilia in male, crenulate in female. Head and thorax reddish brown with plum-color suffusion. Abdomen orange. Forewings reddish brown, usually with a greenish tinge and irrorated with dark specks. An oblique antemedial line present, which is generally dark and indistinct but sometimes pale and prominent. Reniform indistinct. A curve postmedial line found, which is almost always met by an oblique streak from apex. Hindwings orange, with a large black lunule beyond lower angle of cell. There is a marginal black band with cilia pale spots runs from costa to vein 2. Ventral side of forewings with orange postmedial band.

The wingspan is about 90–110 mm in female. Female has much more variegated and dark reddish brown striated forewings. Reniform dark and sending a spur along median nervure to below the orbicular speck. There is a triangular white mark usually present on the postmedial line below vein 3.

Larva has dilated 11th somite and surrounded by a tubercle. Body purplish brown, where dorsum brown from 6th to 11th somites. Legs red and spiracular scarlet patches largest posteriorly and with some irregular white markings round them, on somite 9 in the form of an oblique white bar. There is a yellow sub-basal mark found on 4th somite. Fifth and sixth somites have black ocelli with yellow iris and white pupils. Two yellow patches can be seen on 11th somite.

The adult is considered an agricultural pest, causing damage to many fruit crops by piercing it with its strong proboscis in order to suck the juice. Attempts have been made to control them using baits for the adults, egg parasites and larval parasitoids.

Ecology

The larvae feed mainly on vines belonging to the Menispermaceae but have also adapted to species of ''Erythrina'' and are known to feed on ''Erythrina crista-galli'', ''Erythrina fusca'', '' Erythrina variegata'', '' Carronia multisepala'', '' Hypserpa decumbens'', ''Legnephora moorei'', ''Pleogyne australis'', ''Sarcopetalum harveyanum'', '' Stephania aculeata'', '' Stephania forsteri'', '' Stephania japonica'' and ''Tinospora smilacina''.

Infected plant parts are mostly the fruits. Fruits show sap ooze out and internal feeding of the caterpillar. Fruits may show premature drop. Adults penetrate the skin or rind with a strong, barbed proboscis. Damaged parts become spongy and with many lesions.

Gallery

File:OthreisFullonica13-1-m.jpg, Male
File:OthreisFullonica13-1-f.jpg, Female
File:Eudocima phalonia female dorsal.jpg, Female, dorsal view
File:Eudocima phalonia female ventral.jpg, Female, ventral view
File:Eudocima phalonia male dorsal.jpg, Male, dorsal view
File:Eudocima phalonia male ventral.jpg, Male, ventral view
File:OthreisFullonica12-1-l.jpg, Larva
File:OthreisFullonica12-1-p.jpg, Pupa
File:Eudocima_phalonia_Male.jpg, Male, Goa

References

9. DAR, A. A., & JAMAL, K. (2021). Moth (Insecta: Lepidoptera) fauna of Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 13(2), 10906. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb13210906

External links

Attraction of fruit-piercing moth ''Eudocima phalonia'' (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to different fruit baits

USDA informationSeasonal population of the fruit-piercing moths ''Eudocima'' spp.An overlooked sibling of the fruit-piercing moth ''Eudocima phalonia''

{{Taxonbar , from=Q5406572

phalonia
Moths of Africa
Moths of Asia
Moths of Oceania
Moths of Australia
Moths of Japan
Moths of Madagascar
Moths of Réunion
Lepidoptera of Cameroon
Lepidoptera of Uganda
Moths of the Comoros
Insects of Southeast Asia
Insects of Eritrea
Lepidoptera of Rwanda
Moths of São Tomé and Príncipe
Moths described in 1763
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus