The Euctenidiacea,
common name
In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often contrast ...
dorid nudibranchs, are a
taxonomic
Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification.
A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...
suborder
Order ( la, ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and ...
of
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s or
slug
Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a smal ...
s,
marine gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...
s in the
order Nudibranchia. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) rejected the name
Anthobranchia
The Euctenidiacea, common name dorid nudibranchs, are a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic suborder of sea snails or sea slug, slugs, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the order (biology), order Nudibranchia. Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) rejecte ...
on the grounds that it also included ''
Onchidium
''Onchidium'' is a genus of air-breathing sea slugs, shell-less marine (ocean), marine pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Onchidiidae. There are only four species currently recognized in the genus.
Species
The followi ...
'' at the time of original publication. Doridina is equivalent and used in the latest classification.
[Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526.]
A morphological
phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
study, published in 2000, by Wägele & Willan showed that the subclade Gnathodoridacea (= Bathydoridoidea) and the subclade Doridacea (= Phanerobranchia + Cryptobranchia + Porostomata) each form a
monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
group.
In a later study, published in 2002, A. Valdés concluded that the superfamilies Doridoidea and Phyllidioidea (called by him Cryptobranchia + Porostomata) formed a
clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
. He expanded the usage of Cryptobranchia to encompass the whole subclade Doridacea.
This move was not followed in the
taxonomy of Bouchet and Rocroi.
Taxonomy
clade Gnathodoridacea
*Superfamily
Bathydoridoidea
**Family
Bathydorididae
clade Doridacea
*Superfamily
Doridoidea
Doridoidea, commonly known as dorid nudibranchs (and previously known as the taxon Cryptobranchia), are a taxonomic superfamily of medium to large, shell-less sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea, included in the clade Nu ...
**Family
Dorididae
Sea lemon is a loosely applied common name for a group of medium-sized to large shell-less colorful sea slugs or nudibranchs, specifically dorid nudibranchs in the taxonomic family Dorididae and other closely related families. These are marine g ...
**Family
Actinocyclidae
Actinocyclidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. This family is within the clade Euctenidiacea.
Taxonomy
Genera within the family Actinocyclidae include:
* ''Actinocyclus'' E ...
**Family
Chromodorididae
Chromodorididae, or chromodorids, are a taxonomic family of colourful, sea slugs; dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea. “Chromodorid nudibranchs are among the most gorgeously coloured of all animals.” ...
**Family
Discodorididae
Discodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Doridoidea.Bouchet, P. (2011). Discodorididae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.mari ...
*Superfamily
Phyllidioidea
Phyllidioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of colorful sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks.
Taxonomy
*Family Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814
*Family Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924
*Family Mandeliidae
Mandela's nudibranch, ...
**Family
Phyllidiidae
Phyllidiidae is a family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Phyllidioidea.
This family is within the clade Doridacea (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Distributi ...
**Family
Dendrodorididae
Dendrodorididae is a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the Superfamily Phyllidioidea.
Genera
A maximum-parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S mtDNA gene
In biology, th ...
**Family
Mandeliidae
Mandela's nudibranch, ''Mandelia mirocornata'', is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc, the only member of the genus ''Mandelia'' and the family Mandeliidae. The genus and family name honor Nelson Mandela, ...
*Superfamily
Onchidoridoidea
Onchidoridoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs.
Families
Families within the superfamily Onchidoridoidea are as follows:Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015)Onchidoridoidea Gray, 1827.In: MolluscaB ...
(= Phanerobranchiata Suctoria)
**Family
Akiodorididae
Akiodorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Onchidoridoidea.
Genera
Genera in the family Akiodorididae include:Bouchet, P. (2014)Akiodorididae Millen & Martynov, 2005.Acces ...
**Family
Onchidorididae
Onchidorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Onchidoridoidea.Thompson, T. E., & Brown, G.H., 1984Biology of opisthobranch Molluscs.Vol. 2. Ray Society; London. 1-229, p.49
...
**Family
Corambidae
**Family
Goniodorididae
*Superfamily
Polyceroidea
Polyceroidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, specifically dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Doridacea.
Families
Families within the superfamily Polyceroidea include:
*Family Aegiridae - In Bouchet & Rocroi (20 ...
(= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria)
**Family
Polyceridae
The Polyceridae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Polyceroidea.
Taxonomy
The family Polyceridae is classified within the clade Doridacea, itself belonging to the clade Euc ...
**Family
Aegiridae
Aegiridae is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic family (biology), family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, gastropod molluscs in the family (biology), superfamily Polyceroidea.Bouchet, P. (2015)Aegiridae Odhner, 1941.In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed ...
- In Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) is incorrect subsequent spelling Aegiretidae.
**Family
Gymnodorididae
The Polyceridae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superfamily Polyceroidea.
Taxonomy
The family Polyceridae is classified within the clade Doridacea, itself belonging to the clade Euc ...
**Family
Hexabranchidae
**Family
Okadaiidae
References
Further reading
*Belick F. P. (1975) "Additional opisthobranch mollusks from Oregon". ''The Veliger'' 17(3): 276-277.
*Goddard J. H. r. (1984) "The opisthobranchs of Cape Arago, Oregon, with notes on their biology and a summary of benthic opisthobranchs known from Oregon". ''The Veliger'' 27(2): 143-163.
*Lance J. R. (1967) "The holotype of the abyssal dorid nudibranch ''Bathydoris aoica'' Marcus & Marcus, 1962". ''The Veliger'' 9(4): 410.
*Marcus Ev. & Marcus Er. (1962) "A new species of the Gnathodoridacea". ''Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências'' 34: 269-275.
*Valdés Á. & Bertsch H. (2000) "Redescription and range extension of ''Bathydoris aioca'' Marcus & Marcus, 1962 (Nudibranchia: Gnathodoridoidea)". ''The Veliger'' 43(2): 172-178.
External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5406332
Nudibranchia