''Eucithara'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of small to quite large
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the family
Mangeliidae
Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.
Bouchet, P. (2011). Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Regis ...
.
This genus has been a convenient dumping ground for many Indo-Pacific species. A profound study is still lacking and
polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...
probably occurs, as shown by the
radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...
e of the few species examined.
Description
Species in this genus show a rather solid turreted-fusiform shell, sculptured by bold longitudinal ribs, over-run by dense spiral threads, and decussated by an even finer radial striatum. The
aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane.
An opt ...
is as long, or longer, than the
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires are ...
, fortified externally by a stout
varix
A varix (pl. varices) is an abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course. Varices usually occur in the venous system, but may also occur in arterial or lymphatic vessels.
Examples of varices include:
* Varicose veins, large tortuous veins usua ...
which ascends the previous
whorl
A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs).
Whorls in nature
File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...
, includes a semi-circular sinus, and extends a free edge over the mouth. Within the outer
lip are a series of short entering ridges, and the
columella bears a corresponding series of deeply entering horizontal bars.
Distribution
This genus has a wide distribution in the
Red Sea
The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; T ...
, the
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
, the
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...
, the
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
, the
East China Sea
The East China Sea is an arm of the Western Pacific Ocean, located directly offshore from East China. It covers an area of roughly . The sea’s northern extension between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula is the Yellow Sea, separated b ...
; off Australia (
Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...
,
Queensland
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, established_ ...
,
Tasmania
)
, nickname =
, image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdi ...
,
Western Australia
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...
).
Species
According to the
World Register of Marine Species
The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms.
Content
The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...
(WoRMS), the following species with accepted names are included within the genus ''Eucithara''
* ''
Eucithara abakcheutos''
Kilburn, 1992
* ''
Eucithara abbreviata''
(Garrett, 1873)
* ''
Eucithara alacris''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Eucithara albivestis''
(Pilsbry, 1934)
* ''
Eucithara amabilis''
(Nevill & Nevill, 1874)
* ''
Eucithara angela''
(Adams & Angas, 1864)
* ''
Eucithara angiostoma''
(Pease, 1868)
* ''
Eucithara antillarum''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara arenivaga''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Eucithara articulata''
(Sowerby III, 1894)
* ''
Eucithara bascauda''
(Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* ''
Eucithara bathyraphe''
(Smith E. A., 1882)
* ''
Eucithara bicolor''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara bisacchii''
(Hornung & Mermod, 1929)
* ''
Eucithara brocha''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Eucithara caledonica''
(Smith E. A., 1882)
* ''
Eucithara capillaris''
Kilburn & Dekker, 2008
* ''
Eucithara capillata''
(Hervier, 1897)
* ''
Eucithara castanea''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara cazioti''
(Preston, 1905)
* ''
Eucithara celebensis''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''
Eucithara cincta''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara cinnamomea''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''
Eucithara columbelloides''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara compressicosta''
(Boettger, 1895)
* ''
Eucithara coniformis''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara conohelicoides''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''
Eucithara crystallina''
(Hervier, 1897)
* ''
Eucithara dealbata''
(R.P.J. Hervier, 1897)
* ''
Eucithara debilis''
(Pease, 1868)
* ''
Eucithara decussata''
(Pease, 1868)
* ''
Eucithara delacouriana''
(Crosse, 1869)
* ''
Eucithara diaglypha''
(Hervier, 1897)
* ''
Eucithara dubiosa''
(Nevill & Nevill, 1875)
* ''
Eucithara duplaris''
(Melvill, 1923)
* ''
Eucithara edithae''
(Melvill & Standen, 1901)
* ''
Eucithara elegans''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara ella''
(Thiele, 1925)
* ''
Eucithara eumerista''
(Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* ''
Eucithara fasciata''
(L.A. Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara funebris''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara funiculata''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara fusiformis''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara gevahi''
Singer, 2012
* ''
Eucithara gibbosa''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara gracilis''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara gradata''
(Nevill & Nevill, 1875)
* ''
Eucithara grata''
(Smith E. A., 1884)
* ''
Eucithara gruveli''
(Dautzenberg, 1932)
* ''
Eucithara guentheri''
(Sowerby III, 1893)
* ''
Eucithara harpellina''
(Hervier, 1897)
* ''
Eucithara hirasei''
(Pilsbry, 1904)
* ''
Eucithara interstriata''
(Smith E. A., 1876)
* ''
Eucithara isophanes''
(R.P.J. Hervier, 1897)
* ''
Eucithara isseli''
(Nevill & Nevill, 1875)
* ''
Eucithara lamellata''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara lepidella''
(Hervier, 1897)
*''
Eucithara lota''
(Gould, 1860)
* ''
Eucithara lyra
''Eucithara lyra'' is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Eucithara lyra (Reeve, 1846). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ ...
''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara macteola''
Kilburn, 1992
* ''
Eucithara makadiensis''
Kilburn & Dekker, 2008
* ''
Eucithara marerosa''
Kilburn, 1992
* ''
Eucithara marginelloides''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara milia''
(R.A. Philippi, 1851)
* ''
Eucithara miriamica''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Eucithara monochoria''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Eucithara moraria''
Hedley, 1922
* ''
Eucithara nana''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara nevilliana''
(Preston, 1904)
* ''
Eucithara novaehollandiae''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara obesa''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara pagoda''
(May, 1911)
* ''
Eucithara paucicostata''
(Pease, 1868)
* ''
Eucithara perhumerata''
Kilburn & Dekker, 2008
* ''
Eucithara planilabrum''
(Reeve, 1843)
* ''
Eucithara pulchella''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara pulchra''
Bozzetti, 2009
* ''
Eucithara pusilla''
(Pease, 1860)
* ''
Eucithara ringens''
(Sowerby III, 1893)
* ''
Eucithara rufolineata''
S. Higo & Y. Goto, 1993
* ''
Eucithara seychellarum''
(Smith E. A., 1884)
* ''
Eucithara solida''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara souverbiei''
(Tryon, 1884)
* ''
Eucithara striatella''
(Smith E. A., 1884)
* ''
Eucithara striatissima''
(Sowerby III, 1907)
* ''
Eucithara stromboides''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara subglobosa''
(Hervier, 1897)
* ''
Eucithara subterranea'' (
P.F. Röding, 1798)
* ''
Eucithara tenebrosa''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara trivittata''
(Adams & Reeve, 1850)
* ''
Eucithara turricula''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara typhonota''
(Melvill & Standen, 1901)
* ''
Eucithara typica''
(Smith E. A., 1884)
* ''
Eucithara ubuhle''
Kilburn, 1992
* ''
Eucithara unicolor''
Bozzetti, 2020
* ''
Eucithara unilineata''
(Smith E. A., 1876)
* ''
Eucithara vexillum''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''
Eucithara villaumeae''
Kilburn & Dekker, 2008
* ''
Eucithara vitiensis''
(Smith E. A., 1884)
* ''
Eucithara vittata''
(Hinds, 1843)
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Eucithara abyssicola''
(Reeve, 1846) : synonym of ''
Eucithara vittata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara anna''
F.P. Jousseaume, 1883: synonym of ''
Eucithara novaehollandiae''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara balansai''
J.C.H. Crosse, 1873: synonym of ''
Eucithara angela''
(A. Adams & G.F. Angas, 1864)
* ''Eucithara basedowi''
Hedley, 1918 : synonym of ''
Pseudanachis basedowi''
(Hedley, 1918)
* ''Eucithara biclathrata''
S.M. Souverbie in S.M. Souverbie & R.P. Montrouzier, 1872 : synonym of ''
Eucithara vittata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara brevis''
W.H. Pease, 1867: synonym of ''Eucithara coronata cithara''
(A.A. Gould, 1851)
* ''Eucithara butonensis''
(Schepman, 1913): synonym of ''
Cytharopsis butonensis''
(Schepman, 1913)
* ''Eucithara capillacea''
(Reeve, 1846): synonym of ''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara chionea''
J.C. Melvill & R. Standen, 1899: synonym of''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara citharella''
E.A. Smith, 1876: synonym of ''
Eucithara lyra
''Eucithara lyra'' is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Eucithara lyra (Reeve, 1846). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/ ...
''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara compta''
(Adams & Angas, 1864)synonym of ''
Marita compta
''Marita compta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2014). Marita compta (A. Adams & Angas, 1864). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...
''
(A. Adams & Angas, 1864)
* ''Eucithara coniformis''
S.M. Souverbie, 1875: synonym of ''
Eucithara souverbiei''
(Tryon, 1884)
* ''Eucithara crassilabrum''
(Reeve, 1846): synonym of ''
Eucithara novaehollandiae''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara cylindrica''
(Reeve, 1846) : synonym of ''
Gingicithara cylindrica''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara daedalea''
W.H. Pease, 1867: synonym of ''
Eucithara debilis''
(Pease, 1868)
* ''Eucithara deliciosa''
K.H. Barnard, 1959: synonym of ''
Pseudorhaphitoma ichthys''
(Melvill, J.C., 1910)
* ''Eucithara effosa''
P.F. Röding, 1798: synonym of ''
Eucithara subterranea'' (
P.F. Röding, 1798)
* ''Eucithara eupoecila''
R.P.J. Hervier, 1897: synonym of''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara euselma''
(Melvill & Standen, 1896) : synonym of ''
Gingicithara notabilis''
(E. A. Smith, 1888)
* ''Eucithara glariosa''
(A.A. Gould, 1860): synonym of ''
Cythara glareosa''
Gould, A.A., 1860
* ''Eucithara guestieri''
(Souverbie, 1872): synonym of ''
Eucithara novaehollandiae''
(L.A. Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara hornbeckii''
L.A. Reeve, 1846: synonym of''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara hypercalles''
Melvill, J.C., 1898: synonym of ''
Eucithara fusiformis''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara iota''
A.A. Gould, 1860: synonym of ''
Eucithara lota''
(Gould, 1860)
* ''Eucithara lyrica''
(Reeve, 1846 in 1843-65) : synonym of ''
Gingicithara lyrica''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara matakuana''
(Smith, 1884) : synonym of ''
Eucithara delacouriana''
(Crosse, 1869)
* ''Eucithara onager''
(S.M. Souverbie, 1875): synonym of ''
Eucithara conohelicoides''
(L.A. Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara optabilis''
G.B. III Sowerby, 1907: synonym of''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara pallida''
(Reeve, 1846): synonym of ''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara pellucida''
(Reeve, 1846) : synonym of ''
Citharomangelia pellucida
''Citharomangelia pellucida'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Gofas, S. (2015). Citharomangelia pellucida (Reeve, 1846). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Specie ...
''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara phyllidis''
Hedley, 1922 : synonym of ''
Anacithara phyllidis''
(Hedley, 1922)
* ''Eucithara pura''
H.A. Pilsbry, 1904: synonym of ''
Eucithara albivestis''
(H.A. Pilsbry, 1934)
* ''Eucithara porcellanea''
(Kilburn, 1992): synonym of ''Leiocithara''
Hedley, 1922
* ''Eucithara pygmaea''
G.B. Sowerby, 1846: synonym of ''
Eucithara isseli''
(Nevill & Nevill, 1875)
* ''Eucithara quadrilineata''
(G. B. Sowerby III, 1913): synonym of ''
Citharomangelia quadrilineata''
(G. B. Sowerby III, 1913)
* ''Eucithara raffini''
R.P.J. Hervier, 1897: synonym of ''
Eucithara unilineata''
(Smith E. A., 1876)
* ''Eucithara reticulata''
(Reeve, 1846) : synonym of ''
Eucithara obesa''
(Reeve, 1846)
* ''Eucithara rubrocincta''
E.A. Smith, 1882: synonym of ''
Eucithara vittata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara semizonata''
(Hervier, 1897): synonym of ''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara signa''
J.C. Melvill & R. Standen, 1896, 1897: synonym of ''
Eucithara eumerista''
(Melvill & Standen, 1896)
* ''Eucithara stellatomoides''
(Shuto, 1883): synonym of ''
Antiguraleus stellatomoides''
Shuto, 1983
* ''Eucithara subgibbosa''
(Hervier, 1897): synonym of ''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara triticea''
L.A. Reeve, 1843: synonym of ''
Eucithara angiostoma''
(W.H. Pease, 1868)
* ''Eucithara unifasciata''
(G.P. Deshayes, 1834) : synonym of ''
Mangelia unifasciata''
(Deshayes, 1835)
* ''Eucithara waterhousei''
(Smith E. A., 1884) : synonym of''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
* ''Eucithara zonata''
(Reeve, 1846): synonym of ''
Eucithara coronata''
(Hinds, 1843)
The Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database adds the following names in current use to the list
OBIS : Eucithara
/ref>
* ''Eucithara cinnamomea cinnamomea'' (Hinds, 1843-g)
* ''Eucithara cithara'' (Gould, 1851): synonym of ''Eucithara coronata cithara'' (A.A. Gould, 1851)
* ''Eucithara gracilis gracilis'' (Reeve, 1846 in 1843-65)
* ''Eucithara gracilis striolata'' (Bouge & Dautzenberg, 1914)
References
* Fischer, 1883: Manuel de conchyliologie et de paléontologie conchyliologique, (6): 593
* Kilburn R.N. 1992. ''Turridae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of southern Africa and Mozambique. Part 6. Subfamily Mangeliinae, section 1.'' Annals of the Natal Museum, 33: 461–575
External links
*
Powell, Arthur William Baden. "The Australian Tertiary Mollusca of the Family Turridae." Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 3.1 (1944): p. 58: ''Eucithara glabra'' (Harris, 1897)
Bouchet, P.; Kantor, Y. I.; Sysoev, A.; Puillandre, N. (2011). A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 77, 273-308
{{taxonbar, from=Q3137807