''Eucalyptus jacksonii'', commonly known as the red tingle, is a species of tall tree

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

to the south west

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

and is one of the tallest trees found in the state. It has thick, rough, stringy reddish bark from the base of the trunk to the thinnest branches, egg-shaped to lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, white flowers and shortened spherical to barrel-shaped fruit.

Description

''Eucalyptus jacksonii'' is a tree that typically grows to a height of and has thick, rough, stringy and furrowed grey-brown or red-brown bark. The bases of very old, heavily buttressed trees can have a circumference up to . While some references have red tingle reaching heights of up to 75m, the tallest known living tree stands at tall. The

crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, partic ...

is dense and compact, forming a heavy canopy. Young plants and

coppice Coppicing is a traditional method of woodland management which exploits the capacity of many species of trees to put out new shoots from their stump or roots if cut down. In a coppiced wood, which is called a copse, young tree stems are repeated ...

regrowth have broadly egg-shaped leaves that are dark green on the upper surface, paler below, long and wide. Adult leaves are arranged alternately, dark green on the upper surface, paler below, egg-shaped to lance-shaped, long and wide on a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on

pedicels In botany, a pedicel is a stem that attaches a single flower to the inflorescence. Such inflorescences are described as ''pedicellate''. Description Pedicel refers to a structure connecting a single flower to its inflorescence. In the absenc ...

long. Mature buds are an elongated oval, long and wide with a conical operculum. Flowering occurs between January and March and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody shortened spherical to barrel-shaped capsule long and wide on a pedicel long and with the valves enclosed below the level of the rim. The trees often have shallow root systems and grow a buttressed base. The heartwood is deep pink to reddish brown with a green-wood density of about , and air-dried density about . One specimen, known as the "Giant Tingle Tree" is a tourist attraction in the

Walpole-Nornalup National Park Walpole-Nornalup National Park is a national park in the South West (Western Australia), South West region of Western Australia, south of Perth. It is famous for its towering karri and tingle trees. Eucalyptus jacksonii, Red tingle trees are un ...

near Walpole. Its base has been hollowed by fire and it is claimed to have the largest girth of any living eucalypt. The red tingle is often compared to the other two species - the yellow tingle (''

Eucalyptus guilfoylei ''Eucalyptus guilfoylei'', commonly known as yellow tingle or dingul dingul, is a species of tall tree that is Endemism, endemic to Western Australia. The trunk is straight with fibrous, greyish brown bark and it has lance-shaped leaves, flower b ...

'') and Rate's tingle (''

Eucalyptus brevistylis ''Eucalyptus brevistylis'', commonly known as Rate's tingle, is a tree that is Endemism, endemic to the Southwest Australia, south-west of Western Australia. It has fissured, fibrous to stringy bark, lance-shaped adult leaves, flower buds in grou ...

'') are smaller. The red tingle is more closely related to Rate's tingle, both of which belong to the subgenus ''Eucalyptus''.

Taxonomy and naming

The species was first described by the

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

Joseph Maiden Joseph Henry Maiden (25 April 1859 – 16 November 1925) was a botanist who made a major contribution to knowledge of the Australian flora, especially the genus ''Eucalyptus''. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation when citing ...

in 1914 in the ''Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales''. ''Eucalyptus jacksonii'' is named after

Sidney William Jackson Sidney William Jackson (12 June 1873 – 30 September 1946) was an Australian naturalist and field ornithologist with a special interest in oology, who was also a skilled photographer and taxidermist. History Jackson was born in Brisbane, Que ...

, an Australian naturalist and ornithologist. Jackson collected the specimens used by Maiden near the "Deep River",

Nornalup Inlet Nornalup Inlet ( /ˈnoːnələp ˈɪnlət/ Australian English) is an estuarine body of water on the south coast of the South West of Australia, approximately from Perth. It is approximately in extent, and up to deep. It is fed by the Deep ...

and "Bow River", Irwin's Inlet.

Distribution and habitat

The distribution of the species has been shrinking due to climate change over millions of years. They are now found primarily in

and in a few isolated sites outside the park in the Walpole area at the juncture of the

South West The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each sepa ...

and Great Southern regions along the south coast of Western Australia where it grows on hillsides and in gullies in loamy soils. The trees often occur with ''

Eucalyptus marginata ''Eucalyptus marginata'', commonly known as jarrah, djarraly in Noongar language and historically as Swan River mahogany, is a plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tree with rough ...

'' (jarrah) and ''

Eucalyptus diversicolor ''Eucalyptus diversicolor'', commonly known as karri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a tall tree with smooth light grey to cream-coloured, often mottled bark ...

'' (karri) and ''

Corymbia calophylla ''Corymbia calophylla'', commonly known as marri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a tree or mallee with rough bark on part or all of the trunk, lance-shaped ad ...

'' (marri) trees. The red tingle also can occur with ''

'' (yellow tingle) and ''

'' (Rate's tingle) and are the dominant species in the stands in which they occur.

Gallery

Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park 20.jpg, Tingle tree crown

Image:Eucalytpus jacksonii buttressed base.jpg, The buttressed and burnt base of a red tingle in the Valley of the Giants Image:Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park 09.jpg, Valley of the Giants, Walpole Nornalup National Park containing tingle forest Image:Old Rusty.jpg, Old Rusty, the biggest red tingle in actual wood volume Image:Hollow Trunk.jpg, Hollow Trunk, the largest girthed red tingle and largest in restored volume

References

External links