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The Ettlingen Line (german: Ettlinger Linie) or Lower Line (''Untere Linie'') was a defensive line built in 1707 during the
online at karlsruhe.de
Article at StadtWiki Karlsruhe with illustrations
{{Coord, 48, 58, 57, N, 8, 20, 42, E, type:landmark_dim:25_region:DE-BW, display=title Forts in Germany Margraviate of Baden War of the Spanish Succession Military history of the Holy Roman Empire War of the Polish Succession
The Ettlingen Line (german: Ettlinger Linie) or Lower Line (''Untere Linie'') was a defensive line built in 1707 during the War of the Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict that took place from 1701 to 1714. The death of childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700 led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire between his heirs, Phil ...
from brushwood (''Verhauen'') and palisades, which replaced the 1701 Bühl-Stollhofen Line after that had been destroyed in May 1707 and levelled by French troops.
History
Several months after the loss of the Bühl-Stollhofen Line, work began on the Ettlingen Line on the orders of the commander of the Rhine Army, George Louis of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The line was reinforced during theWar of the Polish Succession
The War of the Polish Succession ( pl, Wojna o sukcesję polską; 1733–35) was a major European conflict sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II of Poland, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of thei ...
(1733–1738) by the introduction of watercourses that could be impounded, but in 1734 French troops broke through them and they were subsequently destroyed, but then rebuilt in 1735. Thereafter they lost their military significance.
Location
The line, which flanks from the Malscher Landgraben, lies between theBlack Forest
The Black Forest (german: Schwarzwald ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is t ...
and the Rhine
), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source1_coordinates=
, source1_elevation =
, source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein
, source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland
, source2_coordinates=
, so ...
meadows south of where the city of Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe ( , , ; South Franconian: ''Kallsruh'') is the third-largest city of the German state (''Land'') of Baden-Württemberg after its capital of Stuttgart and Mannheim, and the 22nd-largest city in the nation, with 308,436 inhabitants. ...
is today. Remains of the fortified line with their breastworks
A breastwork is a temporary fortification, often an earthwork thrown up to breast height to provide protection to defenders firing over it from a standing position. A more permanent structure, normally in stone, would be described as a parapet o ...
and a redoubt
A redoubt (historically redout) is a fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort, usually relying on earthworks, although some are constructed of stone or brick. It is meant to protect soldi ...
may still be seen southwest of Karlsruhe near a heath settlement, running for a distance of around 500 metres in the forest of Hardtwald. In the woods of Rheinstetten, an even longer section of the line is still visible. Since July 2010 the line in Karlsruhe has been marked by an information board; another one has been erected in Rheinstetten on ''Pirschweg''. There are also visible remains in Schöllbronn; together with a further information board.
See also
*Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest
The Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest (german: link=no, Barocke Verteidigungsanlagen im Schwarzwald), also called Baroque Schanzen (''Barockschanzen'') or Black Forest lines (''Schwarzwaldlinien''), are historical, military earthworks, ...
* Bühl-Stollhofen Line
* Eppingen lines
The Eppingen lines (german: Eppinger Linien) were a fortified defensive line, which stretched from Weißenstein near Pforzheim via Mühlacker, Sternenfels, Eppingen to Neckargemünd in southern Germany. It had a total length of 86 kilom ...
Literature
* Wolfgang Lorch: ''Die Ettlinger Linien'' (Ettlinger Heimatblätter, Vol. 1) * Wolfgang Lorch: ''Die "Ettlinger Linien"'', Ettlingen, 1983 (Ettlinger Unterrichtsblätter) * Karl Lang: ''Die Ettlinger Linien und ihre Geschichte'', Ettlingen: Selbstverlag der Stadt Ettlingen, 1965 (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Stadt Ettlingen, hrsg. von der Stadtgeschichtlichen Kommission der Stadt Ettlingen; 5) * Volker Steck: ''Die Ettlinger Linien'', Blick in die Geschichte No. 86 dated 19 March 2010online at karlsruhe.de
External links
Article at StadtWiki Karlsruhe with illustrations
{{Coord, 48, 58, 57, N, 8, 20, 42, E, type:landmark_dim:25_region:DE-BW, display=title Forts in Germany Margraviate of Baden War of the Spanish Succession Military history of the Holy Roman Empire War of the Polish Succession