''Etmopterus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of lantern sharks in the

squaliform The Squaliformes are an order of sharks that includes about 126 species in seven families. Members of the order have two dorsal fins, which usually possess spines, they usually have a sharp head, no anal fin or nictitating membrane, and fi ...

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Etmopteridae. They are found in

deep sea The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of 200 metres (656 feet) or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes. Conditions within the deep sea are a combin ...

ecosystems of the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor ** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country * South Asia ...

and

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

Ecology

A number of species in this genus function as

host A host is a person responsible for guests at an event or for providing hospitality during it. Host may also refer to: Places * Host, Pennsylvania, a village in Berks County People *Jim Host (born 1937), American businessman * Michel Host ...

to the specialized

parasitic Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson has c ...

barnacle '' Anelasma squalicola'', which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts

nutrient A nutrient is a substance used by an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce. The requirement for dietary nutrient intake applies to animals, plants, fungi, and protists. Nutrients can be incorporated into cells for metabolic purposes or excret ...

s from its bloodstream.

Species

There are currently 45 recognized species in this genus: * '' Etmopterus alphus'' Ebert, Straube,

Leslie Leslie may refer to: * Leslie (name), a name and list of people with the given name or surname, including fictional characters Families * Clan Leslie, a Scottish clan with the motto "grip fast" * Leslie (Russian nobility), a Russian noble family ...

& Weigmann, 2016 (whitecheek lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus baxteri The New Zealand lanternshark (''Etmopterus baxteri'') is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found off New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses� ...

Garrick Garrick may refer to: * Garrick (name), for the name's origin and people with either the surname or given name, the most famous being: ** David Garrick (1717–1779), English actor * Garrick Club, a London gentlemen's club named in honour of David ...

, 1957 (New Zealand lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus benchleyi The ninja lanternshark (''Etmopterus benchleyi'') is a lanternshark of the family Etmopteridae found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Nicaragua, south to Panama and Costa Rica. The depth range of collections is from 836 to 1443 m along ...

'' Vásquez, Ebert & D. J. Long, 2015 (ninja lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus bigelowi The blurred lanternshark (''Etmopterus bigelowi'') is a little-known species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae, found around the world in benthic and pelagic habitats from a depth of to over down. This shark forms the '' E. pusillus' ...

'' Shirai &

Tachikawa file:Autumn colors in Showa memorial park.jpg, 250px, Showa Memorial Park is a Cities of Japan, city located in the western portion of Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 184,383 in 93,428 households, and a populat ...

, 1993 (blurred lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus brachyurus The short-tail lanternshark (''Etmopterus brachyurus'') is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found in the western Pacific between latitude In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north– south position of a point on t ...

'' H. M. Smith &

Radcliffe Radcliffe or Radcliff may refer to: Places * Radcliffe Line, a border between India and Pakistan United Kingdom * Radcliffe, Greater Manchester ** Radcliffe Tower, the remains of a medieval manor house in the town ** Radcliffe tram stop * ...

, 1912 (short-tail lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus brosei'' Ebert,

& Weigmann, 2021 * '' Etmopterus bullisi'' Bigelow &

Schroeder __NOTOC__ Schroeder is a North German language, German (from Schröder) occupational name for a cloth cutter or tailor, from an agent derivative of Middle Low German , "to cut". The same term was occasionally used to denote a gristmiller as well as ...

, 1957 * '' Etmopterus burgessi'' Schaaf-Da Silva & Ebert, 2006 * '' Etmopterus carteri'' S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (cylindrical lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus caudistigmus''

Last A last is a mechanical form shaped like a human foot. It is used by shoemakers and cordwainers in the manufacture and repair of shoes. Lasts typically come in pairs and have been made from various materials, including hardwoods, cast iron, and ...

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (tail-spot lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus compagnoi'' R. Fricke & Koch, 1990Straube, N., Leslie, R.W., Clerkin, P.J., Ebert, D.A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2015)
On the occurrence of the Southern Lanternshark, ''Etmopterus granulosus'', off South Africa, with comments on the validity of ''E. compagnoi''.
''Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115: 11-17.'' * '' Etmopterus decacuspidatus'' W. L. Y. Chan, 1966 (comb-tooth lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus dianthus The pink lanternshark (''Etmopterus dianthus'') is a shark of the family (biology), family Etmopteridae found around Australia and New Caledonia, at depths of between 110 and 880 m. Its length is up to 41 cm. Reproduction is ovovivi ...

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pink lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus dislineatus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 * ''

Etmopterus evansi The blackmouth lanternshark is a species of dogfish shark within the family Etmopteridae. This species is part of a subgroup that includes one other species from within the family. It is known to inhabit the benthic zones of the Eastern Indian Ocea ...

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (black-mouth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus fusus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (pygmy lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus gracilispinis'' G. Krefft, 1968 (broad-banded lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus granulosus'' ( Günther, 1880) (southern lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus hillianus'' ( Poey, 1861) (Caribbean lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus joungi The shortfin smooth lanternshark (''Etmopterus joungi'') is a shark of the family Etmopteridae found off the northeastern coast of Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the E ...

'' Knuckey, Ebert & G. H. Burgess, 2011 (short-fin smooth lanternshark)Knuckey, J.D.S., Ebert, D.A. & Burgess, G.H. (2011)
''Etmopterus joungi'' n. sp., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 17 (2): 61-72.'' * '' Etmopterus lailae'' Ebert, Papastamatiou, Kajiura & Wetherbee, 2017 (Laila's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus litvinovi'' Parin & Kotlyar, 1990 (small-eye lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus lucifer'' D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1902 (black-belly lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus marshae'' Ebert & Van Hees (Marsha's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus molleri'' ( Whitley, 1939) (Moller's lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus perryi'' S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (dwarf lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus polli'' Bigelow,

& S. Springer, 1953 (African lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus princeps'' Collett, 1904 (great lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus''

, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (false lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus pusillus The smooth lanternshark or slender lanternshark (''Etmopterus pusillus'') is a species of Squaliformes, dogfish shark in the family (biology), family Etmopteridae, found widely in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It inhabits benthic environments ...

'' ( R. T. Lowe, 1839) (smooth lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus pycnolepis'' Kotlyar, 1990 (dense-scale lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus robinsi'' Schofield & G. H. Burgess, 1997 (West Indian lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus samadiae'' W. T. White, Ebert,

Mana According to Melanesian and Polynesian mythology, ''mana'' is a supernatural force that permeates the universe. Anyone or anything can have ''mana''. They believed it to be a cultivation or possession of energy and power, rather than being a ...

& Corrigan, 2017 (Papuan lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus schultzi'' Bigelow,

& S. Springer, 1953 (fringe-fin lanternshark) * ''

Etmopterus sculptus The sculpted lanternshark (''Etmopterus sculptus'') is a shark of the family (biology), family Etmopteridae found from the Southeast Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean, specifically from Namibia to southern Mozambique and the Mad ...

'' Ebert, Compagno &

De Vries De Vries is one of the most common Dutch surnames. It indicates a geographical origin: "Vriesland" is an old spelling of the Dutch province of Friesland (Frisia). Hence, "de Vries" means "the Frisian". The name has been modified to "DeVries", "deV ...

, 2011 (sculpted lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sentosus'' Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1976 (thorny lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus sheikoi'' ( Dolganov, 1986) (rasp-tooth dogfish) * ''

Etmopterus spinax The velvet belly lanternshark (or simply velvet belly) (''Etmopterus spinax'') is a species of dogfish shark in the family Etmopteridae. One of the most common deepwater sharks in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the velvet belly is found from I ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) (velvet-belly lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus splendidus'' Ka. Yano, 1988 (splendid lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus unicolor'' ( Engelhardt, 1912) (bristled lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus viator'' Straube, 2011 (traveller lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus villosus'' C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Hawaiian lanternshark) * '' Etmopterus virens'' Bigelow,

& S. Springer, 1953 (green lanternshark)

Extinct species

There are at least two extinct species found in ''Etmopterus''. * †'' Etmopterus acutidens'' Casier 1966 * †''

Etmopterus cahuzaci ''Etmopterus'' is a genus of lantern sharks in the squaliform family Etmopteridae. They are found in deep sea ecosystems of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Ecology A number of species in this genus function as host to the specialize ...

'' Adnet 2006

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2322953 Shark genera Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Ecology

Species

Extinct species

See also

References