An estrogen conjugate is a conjugate of an

endogenous Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a living system such as an organism, tissue, or cell. In contrast, exogenous substances and processes are those that originate from outside of an organism. For example, es ...

estrogen. They occur naturally in the body as

metabolite In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, c ...

s of estrogens and can be reconverted back into estrogens. They serve as a circulating reservoir for estrogen, particularly in the case of

orally administered Oral administration is a route of administration where a substance is taken through the mouth. Per os abbreviated to P.O. is sometimes used as a direction for medication to be taken orally. Many medications are taken orally because they are i ...

pharmaceutical estradiol. Estrogen conjugates include sulfate and/or glucuronide conjugates of estradiol, estrone, and estriol: * Sulfated: **

Estrone 3-sulfate Estrone sulfate, also known as E1S, E1SO4 and estrone 3-sulfate, is a natural, endogenous steroid and an estrogen ester and conjugate. In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estrone sulfate is used as a medication, for instance in menop ...

(E1S) ** Estradiol 3-sulfate (E2S, E2-3S) and estradiol 17β-sulfate (E2-17S) ** Estriol 3-sulfate (E3S) **

Estradiol 3,17β-disulfate Estradiol disulfate (also known as E2DS or estradiol 3,17β-disulfate) is an endogenous estrogen conjugate and metabolite of estradiol. It is related to estradiol 3-sulfate and estradiol 17β-sulfate. Estradiol disulfate has 0.0004% of the rela ...

(E2DS) * Glucuronidated: **

Estrone 3-glucuronide Estrone glucuronide, or estrone-3-D-glucuronide, is a conjugated metabolite of estrone. It is formed from estrone in the liver by UDP-glucuronyltransferase via attachment of glucuronic acid and is eventually excreted in the urine by the kidneys ...

(E1-G) **

Estradiol 3-glucuronide Estradiol 3-glucuronide (E2-3G), also known as 17β-estradiol 3-(β-D-glucuronide), is a naturally occurring and endogenous estrogen conjugate. It is specifically the C3 glucuronide conjugate of estradiol, the major estrogen in the body. It is fo ...

(E2-3G) and

estradiol 17β-glucuronide Estradiol glucuronide, or estradiol 17β-D-glucuronide, is a conjugated metabolite of estradiol. It is formed from estradiol in the liver by UDP-glucuronyltransferase via attachment of glucuronic acid and is eventually excreted in the urine by t ...

(E2-17G) ** Estriol 3-glucuronide (E3-3G),

estriol 16α-glucuronide Estriol glucuronide (E3G), or oestriol glucuronide, also known as estriol monoglucuronide, as well as estriol 16α-β-D-glucosiduronic acid, is a natural product, natural, steroidal estrogen and the glucuronic acid (β-D-glucopyranuronic acid) co ...

(E3-16G) * Mixed: **

Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate (E2-3G-17S) is an endogenous estrogen conjugate and metabolite of estradiol. It is related to estradiol 3-sulfate and estradiol 17β-glucuronide. Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate has 0.0001% of the relative ...

(E2-3G-17βS) **

Estradiol 3-sulfate 17β-glucuronide Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. It is involved in the regulation of the estrous and menstrual female reproductive cycles. Estradiol is responsible for the development of f ...

(E2-3S-17βG) **

Estriol 3-sulfate 16α-glucuronide Estriol sulfate glucuronide, or estriol 3-sulfate 16α-glucuronide, is an endogenous, naturally occurring diconjugated metabolite of estriol. It is generated in the liver from estriol sulfate by UDP-glucuronyltransferase and is eventually excrete ...

(E3-3S-16G) Estrogen conjugates are conjugated at the C3, C16α, and/or C17β positions, where

hydroxyl group In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy g ...

s are available. Estrogen conjugates have been used as pharmaceutical estrogens, as in estrone sulfate as estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate) and in conjugated estrogens (Premarin) and conjugated estriol (Progynon, Emmenin).

References

{{Estrogen receptor modulators Estranes Estrogens Human metabolites Steroid hormones

See also

References