Stridentism (Spanish: Estridentismo) was an artistic and multidisciplinary avant-garde movement, founded in Puebla City by

Manuel Maples Arce Manuel Maples Arce (May 1, 1900 - June 26, 1981) was a Mexican poet, writer, art critic, lawyer and diplomat, especially known as the founder of the Stridentism movement. The leader of the first Mexican avant-garde movement After the first Stri ...

at the end of 1921 but formally developed in Xalapa where all the founders moved after the University of Veracruz granted its support for the movement. Stridentism shares some characteristics with

Cubism Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. In Cubist artwork, objects are analyzed, broken up and reassemble ...

, Dadaism,

Futurism Futurism ( it, Futurismo, link=no) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such ...

and

Ultraism The Ultraist movement () was a literary movement born in Spain in 1918, with the declared intention of opposing Modernismo, which had dominated Spanish poetry since the end of the 19th century. The movement was launched in the tertulias of Madr ...

, but it developed a specific social dimension, taken from the

Mexican Revolution The Mexican Revolution ( es, Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from approximately 1910 to 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It resulted in the destruction ...

, and a concern for action and its own present. Stridentists were part of the political avant-garde, in contrast to the "elitist" modernism of

Los Contemporáneos ''Los Contemporáneos'' (which means "The Contemporaries" in English) can refer to a Mexican modernist group, active in the late 1920s and early 1930s, as well as to the literary magazine which served as the group's mouthpiece and artistic vehi ...

Chronology

1921: Mexico City, December 31, Manuel Maples Arce gives the first

manifesto A manifesto is a published declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party or government. A manifesto usually accepts a previously published opinion or public consensus or promotes a ...

out. 1923: Maples Arce and List Arzubide give out the second manifesto, in the city of

Puebla Puebla ( en, colony, settlement), officially Free and Sovereign State of Puebla ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its cap ...

. 1923: Irradiador: short-lived journal (September, October, and November of 1923) 1924: First Stridentist Expo, at the "Café de nadie", in Mexico City. 1925: The group moves from Mexico City to Xalapa (recreated in their works as "Estridentópolis"). Third manifesto in the city of Zacatecas. 1926: Fourth and last manifesto in Ciudad Victoria. 1927: The group separates, for political reasons. 1929-1930: A group of stridentists met in Paris and participated in the group '' Cercle Et Carre''. 1930:

Leopoldo Méndez Leopoldo Méndez (June 30, 1902 – February 8, 1969) was one of Mexico's most important graphic artists and one of that country's most important artists from the 20th century. Méndez's work mostly focused on engraving for illustrations and othe ...

and

German List Arzubide German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law ** ...

traveled to the United States. 1932: Germán Cueto and Arqueles Vela returned to Mexico City from Paris

Artists

Poets:

, Germán List Arzubide, Salvador Gallardo. Writers/Journalists: Arqueles Vela,

Carlos Noriega Hope Carlos Noriega Hope (1896–1934) was a Mexican writer and journalist. Born in Tacubaya, Mexico City, he studied law and became a journalist. In 1919 he traveled to Hollywood to report on the new cinematographic industry. Besides writing the scr ...

. Visual artists: Ramón Alva de la Canal,

Fermín Revueltas Fermín or Fermin may refer to: * Fermin, Spanish saint * Fermin (name), Spanish name and surname * Fermin IV Fermin (also Firmin, from Latin ''Firminus''; Spanish ''Fermín'') was a legendary holy man and martyr, traditionally venerated as the c ...

Lola Cueto María Dolores Velázquez Rivas, better known as "Lola" Cueto (Azcapotzalco, March 2, 1897 – Mexico City, January 24, 1978) was a Mexican painter, printmaker, puppet designer and puppeteer. She is best known for her work in children’s thea ...

. Multidisciplinary artists: Germán Cueto,

Luis Quintanilla Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name or . Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, in Aragonese and Catalan, while is archai ...

, Jean Charlot, Gaston Dinner. Musicians: Silvestre Revueltas, Ángel Salas. Photographers: Edward Weston, Tina Modotti.

Bibliography

*Schneider, Luis Mario. ''El estridentismo o una literatura de la estrategia'', México: Conaculta, 1997. *Escalante, Evodio. ''Elevación y caída del estridentismo'', México: Conaculta, 2002. *Hadatty Mora, Yanna. ''La ciudad paroxista. Prosa mexicana de vanguardia (1921–1932)'', México: UNAM, 2009. *Rashkin, Elissa J. ''The Stridentist Movement in Mexico: The Avant-garde and Cultural Change in the 1920s'', Lanham, Maryland, USA: Lexington Books/Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2009. *Flores, Tatiana. ''Mexico’s Revolutionary Avant-Gardes: From Estridentismo to ¡30-30!'', New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. *Klych, Linda. ''The Noisemakers: Estridentismo, Vanguardism, and Social Action in Postrevolutionary Mexico'', Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2018. {{Authority control Mexican literary movements Poetry movements Modernism 20th-century literature 20th-century poetry