''Estramina'', originally called ''Extremeña'', a two-masted

schooner A schooner () is a type of sailing vessel defined by its rig: fore-and-aft rigged on all of two or more masts and, in the case of a two-masted schooner, the foremast generally being shorter than the mainmast. A common variant, the topsail schoon ...

of 102 tons, was built at Guayaquil, in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, now in modern-day Ecuador, and launched on 13 October 1803. A Spanish Naval vessel, it was pierced for 12 guns but was armed with only four 4-pounders and carried a crew of 18. It was commanded by Lieutenant Mariano Isasbiribil, and engaged in hydrographical surveys. On 1 October 1804 it was seized from port of

Caldera A caldera ( ) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is ...

in Copiapo Bay, Chile, by the armed merchant brig ''Harrington'', Captain William Campbell, and sailed across the Pacific into

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

n waters. Campbell probably believed that war between Britain and Spain, if not commenced already, was imminent. He instructed his prize crew to hide '' Extremeña'' in Jervis Bay, which is 90 miles to the south of

Sydney Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mountain ...

, New South Wales whilst he sailed to Sydney in ''Harrington'' to check on the state of relations between the two countries. When Campbell arrived in

there were no reports that Britain and Spain had been at war when he had seized ''Extremeña''. The Governor of New South Wales, Captain Philip Gidley King RN (1800–06), hearing the Spanish vessel was hiding in Jervis Bay, ordered it to be escorted to Sydney where it was detained pending instructions from the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies in London. King also wrote to the Governor of Chile to explain that ''Extremeña'' and a Spanish merchant brig ''St Francisco & St Paulo'' had been recovered. The diplomatic correspondence was dispatched on His Majesty's Colonial Cutter on 23 June 1805, but never arrived as ''Integrity'' was lost with all hands and without trace. The Governor also reported the event to William Marsden, First Secretary to the Admiralty (1804-1807), stating that ''Extremeña'' had been under the command of Don Antonio José del Campo, which was not correct. The position of del Campo would, in the twentieth century, be called ''Extremeña''s executive officer. His signature would have appeared on documents on board and been misinterpreted by Governor King and his advisors who had a limited knowledge of Spanish. Several authors have since copied this error. Meanwhile, based on legal opinion, it was decided to sell ''Extremeña'' at

public auction In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkei ...

and hold the proceeds in trust until a final adjudication could be made. At the time the colonial government was in desperate need of vessels and decided to bid for the vessel itself. The auction took place on 12 June 1806 and the schooner went to the government for £2,100. It was renamed ''Estramina'' and gave excellent service for many years under government ownership. Its last commander was Joseph Ross. One of ''Estramina''s tasks was to evacuate the settlers, convicts, guards, and the like from

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...

after the government in New South Wales decided to close the penal colony there. The fate of ''Estramina'' was reported by the Commandant at Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, on Friday 19 January 1816, as the vessel was beating out of the harbour with a strong north-east wind and ebb tide, she was obliged to come to anchor, which parted, and she drifted onto a sand bank, then broke up.

References

{{Navbox shipwrecks of New South Wales, Wreckshunter Ships of the Spanish Navy Shipwrecks of the Hunter Region Schooners of Australia Individual sailing vessels Maritime incidents in 1804 Maritime incidents in 1816 1816 in Australia 1788–1850 ships of Australia 1803 ships Merchant ships of Australia History of Newcastle, New South Wales Captured ships