''Enquatrovirus'' is a genus of
bacteriophage
A bacteriophage (), also known informally as a ''phage'' (), is a duplodnaviria virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. The term was derived from "bacteria" and the Greek φαγεῖν ('), meaning "to devour". Bacteri ...
s in the order ''
Caudovirales'', in the family ''
Podoviridae''. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species ''
Escherichia virus N4''.
''Escherichia virus N4'' is the type species of this genus and was originally isolated from sewers in
Genoa,
Italy and infects ''
Escherichia coli'' K-12. Recently, a number of genetically related phages were isolated, infecting ''
Silicibacter
In taxonomy, ''Ruegeria'' is a genus of the Rhodobacteraceae. This genus was formerly known as the marine ''Agrobacterium'' before they were reclassified in 1998. It bears in fact the name of Hans-Jürgen Rüger, a German microbiologist, for his ...
'' and ''
Sulfitobacter'' (DSS3ɸ2 and EE36ɸ1) as well as a number of ''
Pseudomonas'' phages (LUZ7, LIT1 and PEV2)
Taxonomy
Group: dsDNA
Structure
The virus's
virion have
icosahedral (T=9)
[ heads ~70 nm and short tails (10 nm), and contain short fibers originating from the junction between the head and tail. All the phages of this genus are strictly virulent and contain a linear dsDNA genome (with terminal repeats) in the range of 70-75kb.][
]
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.
[
]
RNA polymerases
A remarkable feature of this clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
of phages is the use of three distinct RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...
polymerase
A polymerase is an enzyme ( EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids. DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are used to assemble DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, by copying a DNA template strand using base- ...
s during its infection cycle. A giant virion-encapsulated RNAP polymerase which is co-injected (early transcription), a heterodimeric phage RNA polymerase (middle region) and the host RNA polymerase (recognizes late promoters).
References
External links
Viralzone: N4likevirus
ICTV
{{Taxonbar, from=Q6951967
Podoviridae
Virus genera